+EUROPA-PARLAMENTETS OG RÅDETS DIREKTIV 2008/99/EF af 19. november 2008 om strafferetlig beskyttelse af miljøet (EØS-relevant tekst)
---+Preamble: 1
---+Artikel 1 Formål
---+Artikel 2 Definitioner
------+Artikel 2 a)
------+Artikel 2 b)
------+Artikel 2 c)
------+Artikel 2 d)
---+Artikel 3 Strafbare handlinger
------+Artikel 3 a)
------+Artikel 3 b)
------+Artikel 3 c)
------+Artikel 3 d)
------+Artikel 3 e)
------+Artikel 3 f)
------+Artikel 3 g)
------+Artikel 3 h)
------+Artikel 3 i)
---+Artikel 4 Tilskyndelse og medvirken
---+Artikel 5 Sanktioner
---+Artikel 6 Juridiske personers ansvar
------+Artikel 6 1
------+Artikel 6 2
------+Artikel 6 3
---+Artikel 7 Sanktioner over for juridiske personer
---+Artikel 8 Gennemførelse
------+Artikel 8 1
------+Artikel 8 2
---+Artikel 9 Ikrafttræden
---+Artikel 10 Adressater
---+ANNEX A
---+ANNEX B
English - European Union - Environment -

EUROPA-PARLAMENTETS OG RÅDETS DIREKTIV 2008/99/EF af 19. november 2008 om strafferetlig beskyttelse af miljøet (EØS-relevant tekst)

EUROPA-PARLAMENTETS OG RÅDETS DIREKTIV 2008/99/EF

af 19. november 2008

om strafferetlig beskyttelse af miljøet

(EØS-relevant tekst)

1. Oversigt

,
Titel Regulering
Preamble: 1

EUROPA-PARLAMENTET OG RÅDET FOR DEN EUROPÆISKE UNION HAR —

under henvisning til traktaten om oprettelse af Det Europæiske Fællesskab, særlig artikel 175, stk. 1,

under henvisning til forslag fra Kommissionen,

under henvisning til udtalelse fra Det Europæiske Økonomiske og Sociale Udvalg (1),

efter høring af Regionsudvalget,

efter proceduren i traktatens artikel 251 (2), og

ud fra følgende betragtninger:

(1)

I henhold til traktatens artikel 174, stk. 2, skal Fællesskabets politik på miljøområdet tage sigte på et højt beskyttelsesniveau.

(2)

Fællesskabet ser med bekymring på den stigende miljøkriminalitet og virkningerne heraf, som i stadig højere grad rækker ud over grænserne i de lande, hvor de strafbare handlinger begås. Sådanne strafbare handlinger udgør en trussel mod miljøet og bør derfor imødegås på passende måde.

(3)

Erfaringerne viser, at de eksisterende sanktionsordninger ikke har været tilstrækkelige til at sikre fuldstændig overholdelse af miljøbeskyttelseslovgivningen. Overholdelsen heraf kan og bør styrkes ved hjælp af strafferetlige sanktioner, som er udtryk for social forkastelse af en kvalitativt helt anden karakter end administrative sanktioner eller civilretlige erstatningsordninger.

(4)

Fælles regler om lovovertrædelser giver mulighed for at bruge effektive metoder for efterforskning og bistand i og mellem medlemsstaterne.

(5)

For at sikre en effektiv miljøbeskyttelse er der et særligt behov for mere afskrækkende sanktioner for miljøskadelige aktiviteter, som typisk forårsager eller kan forårsage alvorlig skade på luften, herunder stratosfæren, jorden og vandet samt på dyr eller planter, herunder bevarelsen af arter.

(6)

Manglende efterlevelse af en retlig forpligtelse til at handle kan have den samme virkning som aktiv handlen og bør derfor også være underlagt tilsvarende sanktioner.

(7)

En sådan adfærd bør derfor betragtes som en strafbar handling i hele Fællesskabet, hvis den begås forsætligt eller ved grov uagtsomhed.

(8)

De retsakter, der er anført i bilagene til dette direktiv, indeholder bestemmelser, som bør være genstand for strafferetlige foranstaltninger for at sikre fuldt effektive regler om miljøbeskyttelse.

(9)

Forpligtelserne i henhold til dette direktiv vedrører kun de bestemmelser i de i bilagene til dette direktiv anførte retsakter, der pålægger medlemsstaterne en forpligtelse til at indføre forbudsforanstaltninger, når de gennemfører den pågældende lovgivning.

(10)

Dette direktiv pålægger medlemsstaterne en forpligtelse til at indføre strafferetlige sanktioner i deres nationale lovgivning for alvorlige overtrædelser af fællesskabsrettens bestemmelser om miljøbeskyttelse. Dette direktiv skaber ingen forpligtelser med hensyn til anvendelsen af sådanne sanktioner eller andre tilgængelige retshåndhævelsesordninger i konkrete sager.

(11)

Dette direktiv griber ikke ind i andre regler for ansvar for miljøskader i henhold til fællesskabsretten eller national ret.

(12)

Eftersom dette direktiv fastsætter minimumsregler, står det medlemsstaterne frit for at vedtage eller opretholde strengere foranstaltninger med henblik på en effektiv strafferetlig beskyttelse af miljøet. Sådanne foranstaltninger skal være forenelige med traktaten.

(13)

Medlemsstaterne bør indsende oplysninger til Kommissionen om gennemførelsen af dette direktiv for at sætte Kommissionen i stand til at vurdere direktivets virkning.

(14)

Målet for dette direktiv, nemlig en mere effektiv miljøbeskyttelse, kan ikke i tilstrækkelig grad opfyldes af medlemsstaterne og kan derfor bedre på grund af dette direktivs omfang og virkninger nås på fællesskabsplan; Fællesskabet kan derfor træffe foranstaltninger i overensstemmelse med subsidiaritetsprincippet, jf. traktatens artikel 5. I overensstemmelse med proportionalitetsprincippet, jf. nævnte artikel, går dette direktiv ikke ud over, hvad der er nødvendigt for at nå dette mål.

(15)

Når efterfølgende lovgivning på miljøområdet vedtages, bør det fremgå af den pågældende retsakt, at dette direktiv finder anvendelse. Hvor det er nødvendigt, bør artikel 3 ændres.

(16)

Dette direktiv overholder de grundlæggende rettigheder og de principper, som bl.a. anerkendes i Den Europæiske Unions charter om grundlæggende rettigheder —

UDSTEDT FØLGENDE DIREKTIV:

Udfærdiget i Strasbourg, den 19. november 2008.

På Europa-Parlamentets vegne

H.-G. PÖTTERING

Formand

På Rådets vegne

J.-P. JOUYET

Formand

Artikel 1 Formål

Artikel 1

Formål

Ved dette direktiv fastsættes strafferetlige foranstaltninger for at sikre en mere effektiv miljøbeskyttelse.

Artikel 2 Definitioner

I dette direktiv forstås ved:

Artikel 3 Strafbare handlinger

Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at nedenstående adfærd udgør en strafbar handling, hvis den er ulovlig og begås forsætligt eller i det mindste ved grov uagtsomhed:

Artikel 4 Tilskyndelse og medvirken

Artikel 4

Tilskyndelse og medvirken

Medlemsstaterne sikrer, at tilskyndelse og medvirken til den i artikel 3 omhandlede forsætlige adfærd udgør en strafbar handling.

Artikel 5 Sanktioner

Artikel 5

Sanktioner

Medlemsstaterne træffer de nødvendige foranstaltninger for at sikre, at de i artikel 3 og 4 omhandlede strafbare handlinger kan straffes med strafferetlige sanktioner, der er effektive, står i et rimeligt forhold til den strafbare handling og har en afskrækkende virkning.

Artikel 6 Juridiske personers ansvar
Artikel 7 Sanktioner over for juridiske personer

Artikel 7

Sanktioner over for juridiske personer

Medlemsstaterne træffer de nødvendige foranstaltninger for at sikre, at juridiske personer, der drages til ansvar i henhold til artikel 6, kan straffes med sanktioner, der er effektive, står i et rimeligt forhold til overtrædelsen og har afskrækkende virkning.

Artikel 8 Gennemførelse
Artikel 9 Ikrafttræden

Artikel 9

Ikrafttræden

Dette direktiv træder i kraft på tyvendedagen efter offentliggørelsen i Den Europæiske Unions Tidende.

Artikel 10 Adressater

Artikel 10

Adressater

Dette direktiv er rettet til medlemsstaterne.


(1)   EUT C 10 af 15.1.2008, s. 47.

(2)  Europa-Parlamentets udtalelse af 21.5.2008 (endnu ikke offentliggjort i EUT) og Rådets afgørelse af 24.10.2008.

(3)   EFT L 206 af 22.7.1992, s. 7.

(4)   EFT L 103 af 25.4.1979, s. 1.

(5)   EFT L 61 af 3.3.1997, s. 1.

(6)   EUT L 190 af 12.7.2006, s. 1.

ANNEX A

ANNEX A

List of Community legislation adopted pursuant to the EC Treaty, the infringement of which constitutes unlawful conduct pursuant to Article 2(a)(i) of this Directive

—

Council Directive 70/220/EEC of 20 March 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States on measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles (1),

—

Council Directive 72/306/EEC of 2 August 1972 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles (2),

—

Council Directive 75/439/EEC of 16 June 1975 on the disposal of waste oils (3),

—

Council Directive 76/160/EEC of 8 December 1975 concerning the quality of bathing water (4),

—

Council Directive 76/769/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (5),

—

Council Directive 77/537/EEC of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors (6),

—

Council Directive 78/176/EEC of 20 February 1978 on waste from the titanium dioxide industry (7),

—

Council Directive 79/117/EEC of 21 December 1978 prohibiting the placing on the market and use of plant protection products containing certain active substances (8),

—

Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (9),

—

Council Directive 82/176/EEC of 22 March 1982 on limit values and quality objectives for mercury discharges by the chlor-alkali electrolysis industry (10),

—

Council Directive 83/513/EEC of 26 September 1983 on limit values and quality objectives for cadmium discharges (11),

—

Council Directive 84/156/EEC of 8 March 1984 on limit values and quality objectives for mercury discharges by sectors other than the chlor-alkali electrolysis industry (12),

—

Council Directive 84/360/EEC of 28 June 1984 on the combating of air pollution from industrial plants (13),

—

Council Directive 84/491/EEC of 9 October 1984 on limit values and quality objectives for discharges of hexachlorocyclohexane (14),

—

Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide (15),

—

Council Directive 86/278/EEC of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture (16),

—

Council Directive 86/280/EEC of 12 June 1986 on limit values and quality objectives for discharges of certain dangerous substances included in List I of the Annex to Directive 76/464/EEC (17),

—

Council Directive 87/217/EEC of 19 March 1987 on the prevention and reduction of environmental pollution by asbestos (18),

—

Council Directive 90/219/EEC of 23 April 1990 on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms (19),

—

Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment (20),

—

Council Directive 91/414/EEC of 15 July 1991 concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market (21),

—

Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (22),

—

Council Directive 91/689/EEC of 12 December 1991 on hazardous waste (23),

—

Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (24),

—

Council Directive 92/112/EEC of 15 December 1992 on procedures for harmonising the programmes for the reduction and eventual elimination of pollution caused by waste from the titanium dioxide industry (25),

—

Directive 94/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft: the provisions amended by Directive 2003/44/EC (26),

—

European Parliament and Council Directive 94/62/EC of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste (27),

—

European Parliament and Council Directive 94/63/EC of 20 December 1994 on the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions resulting from the storage of petrol and its distribution from terminals to service stations (28),

—

Council Directive 96/49/EC of 23 July 1996 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail (29),

—

Council Directive 96/59/EC of 16 September 1996 on the disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCT) (30),

—

Council Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (31),

—

Council Directive 96/82/EC of 9 December 1996 on the control of major-accident hazards involving dangerous substances (32),

—

Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (33),

—

Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein (34),

—

Directive 98/8/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 1998 concerning the placing of biocidal products on the market (35),

—

Directive 98/70/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 1998 relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels (36),

—

Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption (37),

—

Council Directive 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations (38),

—

Council Directive 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air (39),

—

Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste (40),

—

Council Directive 1999/32/EC of 26 April 1999 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels (41),

—

Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end of life vehicles (42),

—

Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (43),

—

Directive 2000/69/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air (44),

—

Directive 2000/76/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste (45),

—

Regulation (EC) No 2037/2000 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 June 2000 on substances that deplete the ozone layer (46),

—

Directive 2001/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 March 2001 on the deliberate release into the environment of genetically modified organisms (47),

—

Directive 2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants (48),

—

Directive 2002/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (49),

—

Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (50),

—

Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (51),

—

Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (52),

—

Regulation (EC) No 648/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on detergents (53),

—

Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on persistent organic pollutants (54),

—

Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles (55),

—

Commission Directive 2005/78/EC of 14 November 2005 implementing Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles and amending Annexes I, II, III, IV and VI thereto (56),

—

Directive 2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 concerning the management of bathing water quality (57),

—

Directive 2006/11/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 February 2006 on pollution caused by certain dangerous substances discharged into the aquatic environment of the Community (58),

—

Directive 2006/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on waste (59),

—

Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the management of waste from extractive industries (60),

—

Directive 2006/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 relating to emissions from air conditioning systems in motor vehicles (61),

—

Directive 2006/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on the quality of fresh waters needing protection or improvement in order to support fish life (62),

—

Directive 2006/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators (63),

—

Directive 2006/118/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration (64),

—

Regulation (EC) No 842/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on certain fluorinated greenhouse gases (65),

—

Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste (66),

—

Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (67),

—

Commission Regulation (EC) No 1418/2007 of 29 November 2007 concerning the export for recovery of certain waste listed in Annex III or IIIA to Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council to certain countries to which the OECD Decision on the control of transboundary movements of wastes does not apply (68),

—

Directive 2008/1/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 January 2008 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control (69).


(1)   OJ L 76, 6.4.1970, p. 1.

(2)   OJ L 190, 20.8.1972, p. 1.

(3)   OJ L 194, 25.7.1975, p. 23.

(4)   OJ L 31, 5.2.1976, p. 1.

(5)   OJ L 262, 27.9.1976, p. 201.

(6)   OJ L 220, 29.8.1977, p. 38.

(7)   OJ L 54, 25.2.1978, p. 19.

(8)   OJ L 33, 8.2.1979, p. 36.

(9)   OJ L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1.

(10)   OJ L 81, 27.3.1982, p. 29.

(11)   OJ L 291, 24.10.1983, p. 1.

(12)   OJ L 74, 17.3.1984, p. 49.

(13)   OJ L 188, 16.7.1984, p. 20.

(14)   OJ L 274, 17.10.1984, p. 11.

(15)   OJ L 87, 27.3.1985, p. 1.

(16)   OJ L 181, 4.7.1986, p. 6.

(17)   OJ L 181, 4.7.1986, p. 16.

(18)   OJ L 85, 28.3.1987, p. 40.

(19)   OJ L 117, 8.5.1990, p. 1.

(20)   OJ L 135, 30.5.1991, p. 40.

(21)   OJ L 230, 19.8.1991, p. 1.

(22)   OJ L 375, 31.12.1991, p. 1.

(23)   OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 20.

(24)   OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7.

(25)   OJ L 409, 31.12.1992, p. 11.

(26)   OJ L 214, 26.8.2003, p. 18.

(27)   OJ L 365, 31.12.1994, p. 10.

(28)   OJ L 365, 31.12.1994, p. 24.

(29)   OJ L 235, 17.9.1996, p. 25.

(30)   OJ L 243, 24.9.1996, p. 31.

(31)   OJ L 296, 21.11.1996, p. 55.

(32)   OJ L 10, 14.1.1997, p. 13.

(33)   OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1.

(34)   OJ L 61, 3.3.1997, p. 1.

(35)   OJ L 123, 24.4.1998, p. 1.

(36)   OJ L 350, 28.12.1998, p. 58.

(37)   OJ L 330, 5.12.1998, p. 32.

(38)   OJ L 85, 29.3.1999, p. 1.

(39)   OJ L 163, 29.6.1999, p. 41.

(40)   OJ L 182, 16.7.1999, p. 1.

(41)   OJ L 121, 11.5.1999, p. 13.

(42)   OJ L 269, 21.10.2000, p. 34.

(43)   OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1.

(44)   OJ L 313, 13.12.2000, p. 12.

(45)   OJ L 332, 28.12.2000, p. 91.

(46)   OJ L 244, 29.9.2000, p. 1.

(47)   OJ L 106, 17.4.2001, p. 1.

(48)   OJ L 309, 27.11.2001, p. 1.

(49)   OJ L 67, 9.3.2002, p. 14.

(50)   OJ L 37, 13.2.2003, p. 19.

(51)   OJ L 37, 13.2.2003, p. 24.

(52)   OJ L 23, 26.1.2005, p. 3.

(53)   OJ L 104, 8.4.2004, p. 1.

(54)   OJ L 158, 30.4.2004, p. 7.

(55)   OJ L 275, 20.10.2005, p. 1.

(56)   OJ L 313, 29.11.2005, p. 1.

(57)   OJ L 64, 4.3.2006, p. 37.

(58)   OJ L 64, 4.3.2006, p. 52.

(59)   OJ L 114, 27.4.2006, p. 9.

(60)   OJ L 102, 11.4.2006, p. 15.

(61)   OJ L 161, 14.6.2006, p. 12.

(62)   OJ L 264, 25.9.2006, p. 20.

(63)   OJ L 266, 26.9.2006, p. 1.

(64)   OJ L 372, 27.12.2006, p. 19.

(65)   OJ L 161, 14.6.2006, p. 1.

(66)   OJ L 190, 12.7.2006, p. 1.

(67)   OJ L 171, 29.6.2007, p. 1.

(68)   OJ L 316, 4.12.2007, p. 6.

(69)   OJ L 24, 29.1.2008, p. 8.

ANNEX B

ANNEX B

List of Community Legislation adopted pursuant to the Euratom Treaty, the infringement of which constitutes unlawful conduct pursuant to Article 2(a)(ii) of this Directive

—

Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation (1);

—

Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom of 22 December 2003 on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources (2);

—

Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom of 20 November 2006 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel (3).


(1)   OJ L 159, 29.6.1996, p. 1.

(2)   OJ L 346, 31.12.2003, p. 57.

(3)   OJ L 337, 5.12.2006, p. 21.

1.1 Referencer

1.2 Identificerede krav

1.3 Relaterede standarder

2. Identificerede krav

Krav
Kilde Krav

3. Relaterede standarder

Standarder
Kilde Krav

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