+3.1.6 Single-Factor Cryptographic Authentication
---+3.1.6.1 Single-Factor Cryptographic Authenticators
---+3.1.6.2 Single-Factor Cryptographic Verifiers
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3.1.6 Single-Factor Cryptographic Authentication
Single-factor cryptographic authentication is accomplished by proving the possession and control of a cryptographic key via an authentication protocol. Depending on the strength of authentication required, the authentication key may be stored in a manner that is accessible to the endpoint associated with the authenticator or in a separate, directly connected processor or device. The authenticator output is highly dependent on the specific cryptographic protocol used but is generally some type of signed message. A single-factor cryptographic authenticator is “something you have.” Single-factor cryptographic authenticators used at AAL3 SHALL use public-key cryptography to protect the authentication secrets from compromise of the verifier. Cryptographic authentication is phishing-resistant if it meets the additional requirements in Sec. 3.2.5.
1. Přehled
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3.1.6.1 Single-Factor Cryptographic Authenticators
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Single-factor cryptographic authenticators encapsulate one or more authentication keys. Authentication keys are described as either exportable (see Sec. 3.2.13) or non-exportable. Exportable authentication keys (usable at AAL2 or below) SHOULD be stored in appropriate storage that is available to the authenticator (e.g., keychain storage). If they are accessible to the endpoint being authenticated, exportable authentication keys SHALL be strongly protected against unauthorized disclosure with access controls that limit access to the key to only those software components that require access. Non-exportable authentication keys (usable at AAL3 or below) SHALL be stored in an isolated execution environment that is protected by hardware or in a separate processor with a controlled interface to the central processing unit of the user endpoint. Some cryptographic authenticators, referred to as syncable authenticators, can manage their authentication keys using a sync fabric (e.g., a cloud provider). Additional requirements for using syncable authenticators are in Appendix B. External (i.e., non-embedded) cryptographic authenticators SHALL meet the requirements for connected authenticators in Sec. 3.2.11. As required by Sec. 2.3.2, single-factor cryptographic authenticators that are being used at AAL3 must meet the authentication intent requirements of Sec. 3.2.8.
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3.1.6.2 Single-Factor Cryptographic Verifiers
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Single-factor cryptographic verifiers generate a challenge nonce, send it to the corresponding authenticator, and use the authenticator output to verify possession of the authenticator. The authenticator output is highly dependent on the specific cryptographic authenticator and protocol used but is generally some type of signed message. The verifier has a public cryptographic key that corresponds to each authenticator. While both types of keys SHALL be protected against modification, symmetric keys SHALL additionally be protected against unauthorized disclosure by access controls that limit access to the key to only those software components that require access. The authentication key and its algorithm SHALL provide at least the minimum security strength specified in the latest revision of [SP800-131A] (i.e., 112 bits as of the date of this publication). The challenge nonce SHALL be at least 64 bits in length and SHALL either be unique over the authenticator’s lifetime or statistically unique (i.e., generated using an approved random bit generator, as described in Sec. 3.2.12). The verification operation SHALL use approved cryptography.
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1.1 Odkazy
1.2 Identifikované požadavky
1.3 Související regulace
2. Identifikované požadavky
Požadavky
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3. Související regulace
- NIST -
EN: Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, https://www.nist.gov/, from their electronic versions (OSCAL; SP 800-63-4 from its HTML version, https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-4/). Works of NIST employees are not subject to copyright protection in the United States (17 U.S.C. § 105); the OSCAL content is dedicated to the public domain worldwide (CC0 1.0); outside the United States NIST grants the right to reprint its technical series publications in all formats (NIST copyright statement). Republished courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology; each document names its citation. Divided into sections and converted into the GRCA format, the wording unchanged. Only the versions published by NIST are authoritative.
DE: Veröffentlichungen des National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), U.S. Department of Commerce, https://www.nist.gov/, aus ihren elektronischen Fassungen (OSCAL; SP 800-63-4 aus ihrer HTML-Fassung, https://pages.nist.gov/800-63-4/). Werke von NIST-Beschäftigten sind in den USA urheberrechtlich nicht geschützt (17 U.S.C. § 105); die OSCAL-Inhalte sind weltweit gemeinfrei gestellt (CC0 1.0); außerhalb der USA räumt das NIST das Recht ein, seine Technical-Series-Publikationen in allen Formaten neu zu veröffentlichen (Copyright-Hinweis des NIST). „Republished courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology“; jedes Dokument nennt seine Zitierangabe. In Abschnitte aufgeteilt und in das GRCA-Format umgewandelt, der Wortlaut unverändert. Maßgeblich sind allein die vom NIST veröffentlichten Fassungen.
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