+Periodic Review of Individual & Service Account Privileges
---+System Account Reviews

Periodic Review of Individual & Service Account Privileges

Description

Mechanisms exist to periodically-review the privileges assigned to individuals and service accounts to validate the need for such privileges and reassign or remove unnecessary privileges, as necessary.

Possible Solutions & Considerations

Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2

∙ Annual review of user access rights

Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4

∙ Periodic (at least annual) review of all user account privileges

Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6

∙ Formal quarterly/annual account privilege review process

Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8

∙ Enterprise access certification program with automated review campaigns

Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9

∙ Enterprise IGA platform (e.g., SailPoint, Saviynt, IBM Security Verify)
∙ Automated access certification
∙ Continuous access review

SCR-CMM

Level 0 Not Performed

Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.

Level 1 Performed Informally

Identification & Authentication (IAC) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with IAC domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ IAM controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards) to manage accounts and permissions.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel identify and implement IAM cybersecurity and data protection controls that are appropriate to address applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements.

Level 2 Planned Tracked

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
▪ IAM inventories all privileged accounts and validates that each person with elevated privileges is authorized by the appropriate level of organizational management.

Level 3 Well Defined

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to periodically-review the privileges assigned to individuals and service accounts to validate the need for such privileges and reassign or remove unnecessary privileges, as necessary.

Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.

Level 5 Continuously Improving

Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.

1. Přehled

Název Standard
System Account Reviews

Description

Mechanisms exist to review all system accounts and disable any account that cannot be associated with a business process and owner.

Possible Solutions & Considerations

Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2

∙ Periodic review of user accounts and access rights

Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4

∙ Annual user account review
∙ Remove unused accounts and excess access

Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6

∙ Formal periodic account review process
∙ Quarterly access reviews

Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8

∙ Enterprise access certification program
∙ Automated access review campaigns

Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9

∙ Enterprise IGA platform (e.g., SailPoint, Saviynt)
∙ Automated access certification campaigns
∙ Manager-driven access reviews
∙ Role mining and optimization

SCR-CMM

Level 0 Not Performed

Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.

Level 1 Performed Informally

SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.

Level 2 Planned Tracked

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
▪ IAM proactively governs account management of individual, group, system, application, guest and temporary accounts.
▪ IAM inventories all privileged accounts and validates that each person with elevated privileges is authorized by the appropriate level of organizational management.

Level 3 Well Defined

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to review all system accounts and disable any account that cannot be associated with a business process and owner.

Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.

Level 5 Continuously Improving

Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Based on predictive analysis, process improvements are implemented according to “continuous improvement” practices that affect process changes.
▪ Stakeholders make time-sensitive decisions to support operational efficiency, which may include automated remediation actions via Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.

1.1 Odkazy

1.2 Identifikované požadavky

1.3 Související regulace

2. Identifikované požadavky

Požadavky
Zdroj Požadavek

3. Související regulace

Regulace
Zdroj Regulace
EULAW Článek 21 Řízení přístupu

Článek 21

Řízení přístupu

V rámci kontroly správy přístupových práv finanční subjekty vypracují, zdokumentují a zavedou politiku, která zahrnuje všechny následující prvky:

a) 

přidělování přístupových práv k aktivům v oblasti IKT na základě zásad „potřeba znát“ a „potřeba používat“ a zásady minimálních práv, a to i u vzdáleného a nouzového přístupu;

b) 

oddělení úkolů s cílem zabránit neoprávněnému přístupu ke kritickým údajům nebo zabránit přidělování kombinací přístupových práv, které lze využít k obcházení kontrol;

c) 

ustanovení o odpovědnosti uživatelů v tom smyslu, že se co nejvíce omezí používání obecných a sdílených uživatelských účtů a zajistí se, aby uživatelé byli vždy při provádění činností v systémech IKT identifikovatelní;

d) 

ustanovení o omezení přístupu k aktivům v oblasti IKT, které stanoví kontrolní mechanismy a nástroje k zabránění neoprávněnému přístupu;

e) 

postupy v oblasti správy účtů pro udělování, změnu nebo odebírání přístupových práv k uživatelským a obecným účtům, včetně obecných účtů správců, zahrnující všechny následující prvky:

i) 

přidělení úloh a povinností týkajících se udělování, přezkumu a odebírání přístupových práv;

ii) 

přidělování privilegovaného, nouzového a administrátorského přístupu podle potřeby nebo v režimu ad hoc u všech systémů IKT;

iii) 

odebrání přístupových práv bez zbytečného odkladu po ukončení pracovního poměru nebo v případě, že přístup již není nutný;

iv) 

aktualizace přístupových práv, pokud je nezbytné provést změny a jinak nejméně jednou ročně u všech systémů IKT, které nepodporují zásadní nebo důležité funkce, a nejméně jednou za šest měsíců u systémů IKT, které podporují zásadní nebo důležité funkce;

f) 

metody ověřování zahrnující všechny tyto prvky:

i) 

používání metod ověřování, které jsou úměrné klasifikaci stanovené v souladu s čl. 8 odst. 1 nařízení (EU) 2022/2554 a celkovému rizikovému profilu aktiv v oblasti IKT a zohledňují osvědčené postupy;

ii) 

používání metod silného ověření v souladu s osvědčenými postupy a technikami pro vzdálený přístup do sítě finančního subjektu, pro privilegovaný přístup, pro přístup k aktivům v oblasti IKT podporujícím zásadní nebo důležité funkce nebo k veřejně přístupným aktivům v oblasti IKT;

g) 

opatření pro řízení fyzického přístupu zahrnující:

i) 

identifikaci a protokolování fyzických osob, které jsou oprávněny k přístupu do prostor, datových center a určených citlivých oblastí vymezených finančním subjektem, kde se nacházejí aktiva v oblasti IKT a informační aktiva;

ii) 

udělování fyzických přístupových práv ke kritickým aktivům v oblasti IKT pouze oprávněným osobám v souladu se zásadou „potřeba znát“ a zásadou minimálních práv a v režimu ad hoc;

iii) 

monitorování fyzického přístupu do prostor, datových center a určených citlivých oblastí vymezených finančním subjektem, kde se nacházejí aktiva v oblasti IKT nebo informační aktiva nebo obojí;

iv) 

přezkum fyzických přístupových práv s cílem zajistit, aby byla nepotřebná přístupová práva neprodleně odebrána.

Pro účely písm. e) bodu i) stanoví finanční subjekty dobu uchovávání s přihlédnutím k obchodním cílům a cílům v oblasti bezpečnosti informací, důvodům pro zaznamenání události do protokolů a výsledkům posouzení rizik v oblasti IKT.

Pro účely písm. e) bodu ii) používají finanční subjekty pro provádění administrativních úkolů v systémech IKT pokud možno vyhrazené účty. Je-li to proveditelné a vhodné, zavedou finanční subjekty pro řízení privilegovaného přístupu automatizovaná řešení.

Pro účely písm. g) bodu i) musí být identifikace a protokolování úměrné významu prostor, datových center, určených citlivých oblastí a významu operací nebo systémů IKT, které se v nich nacházejí.

Pro účely písm. g) bodu iii) musí být monitorování úměrné klasifikaci stanovené v souladu s čl. 8 odst. 1 nařízení (EU) 2022/2554 a významu oblasti, do níž je poskytnut přístup.

EULAW Článek 33 Řízení přístupu

Článek 33

Řízení přístupu

Finanční subjekty uvedené v čl. 16 odst. 1 nařízení (EU) 2022/2554 vypracují, zdokumentují a zavedou postupy pro řízení logického a fyzického přístupu a tyto postupy prosazují, sledují a pravidelně přezkoumávají. Tyto postupy zahrnují následující prvky řízení logického a fyzického přístupu:

a) 

přístupová práva k informačním aktivům, aktivům v oblasti IKT a jejich podporovaným funkcím a ke kritickým místům operací finančního subjektu jsou řízena na základě zásad „potřeba znát“ a „potřeba používat“ a zásady minimálních práv, a to i u vzdáleného a nouzového přístupu;

b) 

odpovědnost uživatelů, která zajišťuje, že uživatelé mohou být v souvislosti s činnostmi prováděnými v systémech IKT identifikováni;

c) 

postupy v oblasti správy účtů pro udělování, změnu nebo odebírání přístupových práv k uživatelským a obecným účtům, včetně obecných účtů správců:

d) 

metody ověřování, které jsou úměrné klasifikaci uvedené v čl. 30 odst. 1 a celkovému rizikovému profilu aktiv v oblasti IKT a které jsou založeny na osvědčených postupech;

e) 

přístupová práva jsou pravidelně přezkoumávána, a pokud již nejsou potřebná, jsou odebrána.

Pro účely písmene c) přiděluje finanční subjekt pro všechny systémy IKT privilegovaný, nouzový a administrátorský přístup podle potřeby nebo v režimu ad hoc a zaznamenává je v souladu s čl. 34 odst. 1 písm. f).

Pro účely písmene d) používají finanční subjekty metody silného ověření, které vycházejí z osvědčených postupů pro vzdálený přístup do sítě finančních subjektů, pro privilegovaný přístup a pro přístup k aktivům v oblasti IKT podporujícím zásadní nebo důležité funkce, které jsou veřejně přístupné.

Propojené úkoly

Vazby
Typ vazby Úkol
is related to Semi-Annual
is related to relative Control Weighting = 08
is related to Technology
is related to Protect
is related to SCRM Focus Tier 3 TACTICAL
blocks Loss of Accountability / Attribution
blocks Excessive or Unauthorized Privilege
blocks Unauthorized Privilege Elevation
blocks Unauthorized Access
blocks Loss, Theft or Damage of Assets
blocks Unauthorized Modification / Loss of System Integrity
blocks Unauthorized Retention / Inability to Dispose of Data
blocks Business / Service Interruption
blocks Data Loss / Integrity Compromise
blocks Reduced Operational Productivity
blocks System / Data Compromise (Technical Vector)
blocks Revenue Loss
blocks Contractual Default / Termination
blocks Loss of Competitive Advantage
blocks Reputational Harm / Loss of Stakeholder Trust
blocks Regulatory / Legal / Contractual Financial Liability
blocks Exposure from Unaddressed Vulnerabilities
blocks System / Service Compromise
blocks Failure to Support Business / Mission Objectives
blocks Unaddressed Security / Compliance Exposure
blocks Unperformed / Unowned Control Responsibilities
blocks Uncontrolled Internal Security / Privacy Exposure
blocks Uncontrolled Third-Party Security / Privacy Exposure
blocks Lack of oversight of internal controls
blocks Lack of oversight of third-party controls
blocks Harm from Illegal, Abusive or Unsafe Content / Conduct
blocks Loss of Investigative / Evidentiary Capability
blocks Delayed Containment / Increased Incident Impact
blocks Incident Persistence / Recurrence
blocks Incident Response / Recovery Cost
blocks Undetected / Delayed Detection of Adverse Activity
blocks Third-Party Cybersecurity Compromise / Exposure
blocks Third-Party Physical Security Disruption / Exposure
blocks Sub-Tier / Fourth-Party Supply Chain Exposure
blocks Third-Party Legal / Compliance Exposure
blocks Harm from Unauthorized / Unintended Product or Service Use
blocks Third-Party Dependency Failure
blocks Compromise Hardware Supply Chain
blocks Firmware Corruption
blocks Pre-OS Boot
blocks System Firmware
blocks Bootkit
blocks ROMMONkit
blocks TFTP Boot
blocks Subvert Trust Controls
blocks Code Signing Policy Modification
blocks Modify System Image
blocks Patch System Image
blocks Downgrade System Image
is related to Annual
is related to relative Control Weighting = 10
is related to Process
is related to Detect
is related to SCRM Focus Tier 2 OPERATIONAL
blocks Identity Compromise / Impersonation
blocks Fraud / Theft / Direct Financial Loss
blocks Inability to Demonstrate Due Diligence / Due Care
blocks Unreliable Assurance / Decision Information
blocks Loss of Confidentiality
blocks Loss of Data Integrity
blocks Loss of Data / Service Availability
blocks Drought & Water Shortage
blocks Earthquakes
blocks Fire & Wildfires
blocks Floods
blocks Hurricanes & Tropical Storms
blocks Landslides & Debris Flow
blocks Pandemic (Disease) Outbreaks
blocks Severe Weather
blocks Space Weather
blocks Thunderstorms & Lightning
blocks Tornadoes
blocks Tsunamis
blocks Volcanoes
blocks Winter Storms & Extreme Cold
blocks Malicious Cyber Activity
blocks Dysfunctional Management Practices
blocks Human Error
blocks Technical / Mechanical Failure
blocks Data Quality Degradation / Data Poisoning
blocks Fraud, Corruption and/or Intentional Criminal Conduct
blocks Conflict of Interest (COI) / Undue Influence / Insider Misconduct
blocks Workforce Shortage / Loss of Critical Skills / Labor Disruption
blocks AM-02.05B
blocks OPS-19.01B
blocks IAM-01.02B
blocks IAM-01.03B
blocks IAM-02.02B
blocks IAM-05.01B
blocks IAM-05.02B
blocks IAM-05.03B
blocks IAM-05.01AC
blocks PSS-08.03B
blocks PSS-08.04B
is blocked by IAC-12 Periodic Review of Individual & Service Account Privileges – Assessment Procedure
blocks AC-06(07) Review of User Privileges
blocks AC-06(07) [M] Review of User Privileges
blocks AC-06(07) [H] Review of User Privileges
blocks 03.01.01 Account Management
blocks 03.01.05 Least Privilege
blocks 03.10.01 Physical Access Authorizations
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