Adversaries may buy, steal, or download malware that can be used during targeting. Malicious software can include payloads, droppers, post-compromise tools, backdoors, packers, and C2 protocols. Adversaries may acquire malware to support their operations, obtaining a means for maintaining control of remote machines, evading defenses, and executing post-compromise behaviors.

In addition to downloading free malware from the internet, adversaries may purchase these capabilities from third-party entities. Third-party entities can include technology companies that specialize in malware development, criminal marketplaces (including Malware-as-a-Service, or MaaS), or from individuals.^[1] In addition to purchasing malware, adversaries may steal and repurpose malware from third-party entities (including other adversaries).

References

1. Emma Stevens. (2025, August 27). The Business of Malware: Inside the MaaS Economy. Retrieved September 2, 2026.

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