Article 2 1.

‘cash’ means:

‘entering or leaving the Union’ means coming from a territory which is outside the territory covered by Article 355 TFEU to the territory which is covered by that Article, or departing the territory covered by that Article;

‘currency’ means banknotes and coins that are in circulation as a medium of exchange or that have been in circulation as a medium of exchange and can still be exchanged through financial institutions or central banks for banknotes and coins that are in circulation as a medium of exchange;

‘bearer-negotiable instruments’ means instruments other than currency which entitle their holders to claim a financial amount upon presentation of the instruments without having to prove their identity or entitlement to that amount. Those instruments are:

‘commodity used as a highly-liquid store of value’ means a good, as listed in point 1 of Annex I, that presents a high ratio between its value and its volume and that can easily be converted into currency through accessible trading markets while incurring only modest transaction costs;

‘prepaid card’ means a non-nominal card, as listed in point 2 of Annex I, that stores or provides access to monetary value or funds which can be used for payment transactions, for acquiring goods or services or for the redemption of currency where such card is not linked to a bank account;

‘competent authorities’ means the customs authorities of the Member States and any other authorities empowered by the Member States to apply this Regulation;

‘carrier’ means any natural person entering or leaving the Union carrying cash on their person, in their luggage or in their means of transport;

‘unaccompanied cash’ means cash making up part of a consignment without a carrier;

‘criminal activity’ means any of the activities listed in point (4) of Article 3 of Directive (EU) 2015/849;

‘Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)’ means the entity established in a Member State for the purposes of implementing Article 32 of Directive (EU) 2015/849.