+Access To Critical Systems
---+Lockable Physical Casings
|
Access To Critical Systems
Description
Physical access control mechanisms exist to enforce physical access to critical systems or sensitive and/or regulated data, in addition to the physical access controls for the facility.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Locked server closet/cabinet separate from general office access
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Locked server room with access limited to named IT staff
∙ Separate key or badge level for critical systems
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Badge-controlled server room with dedicated access group
∙ Locked racks for critical systems
∙ Access log review
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Data center / server room access restricted by PACS zone
∙ Locked cabinets or cages for critical and regulated systems
∙ Video surveillance of critical areas
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise data center access control with multi-factor entry (badge + biometric/PIN)
∙ Caged or locked racks for critical systems
∙ Continuous access log monitoring
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with PES domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Physical security-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ Physical security controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards), focusing on protecting High Value Assets (HVAs).
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel implement appropriate physical security practices to protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability and safety of the organization's technology assets and data.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PES domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PES domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PES domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Physical security / facilities management-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines).
▪ Physical security / facilities management may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel.
▪ Physical security controls and technologies primarily focus on protecting High Value Assets (HVAs), including environments where sensitive/regulated data is stored, transmitted and processed.
▪ Where applicable, physical security controls and technologies are configured to generate a log entry for each access attempt through controlled ingress and egress points.
Level 3 Well Defined
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PES domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PES domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ A facilities management team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain NET domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of physical and environmental security operations (e.g., facility management solution, visitor log management automation and proximity badge access).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PES domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational physical security capability exists to enforce physical access to critical systems or sensitive/regulated data, in addition to the physical access controls for the facility.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
1. Επισκόπηση
| Τίτλος |
Πρότυπο |
|
Lockable Physical Casings
|
Description
Physical access control mechanisms exist to protect system components from unauthorized physical access (e.g., lockable physical casings).
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Lockable cabinet for network/server equipment
∙ Kensington-style locks for shared devices
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Lockable server racks and network cabinets
∙ Tamper-evident seals on critical devices
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Locked racks in server room with key control
∙ Chassis locks and tamper-evident seals
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Locked cabinets/cages for all critical infrastructure
∙ Chassis intrusion detection enabled
∙ Tamper-evident seals with periodic inspection
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise rack-level access control with electronic locks and audit logs
∙ Chassis intrusion detection integrated with SIEM
∙ Tamper inspection program
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with PES domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Physical security-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ Physical security controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards), focusing on protecting High Value Assets (HVAs).
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel implement appropriate physical security practices to protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability and safety of the organization's technology assets and data.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PES domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PES domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PES domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Physical security / facilities management-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines).
▪ Physical security / facilities management may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel.
▪ Physical security controls and technologies primarily focus on protecting High Value Assets (HVAs), including environments where sensitive/regulated data is stored, transmitted and processed.
Level 3 Well Defined
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PES domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PES domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ A facilities management team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain NET domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of physical and environmental security operations (e.g., facility management solution, visitor log management automation and proximity badge access).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PES domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational physical security capability exists to protect system components from unauthorized physical access (e.g., lockable physical casings).
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Physical & Environmental Security (PES) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
|
1.1 Παραπομπές
1.2 Εντοπισμένες απαιτήσεις
1.3 Σχετικοί κανονισμοί
2. Εντοπισμένες απαιτήσεις
3. Σχετικοί κανονισμοί
Κανονισμοί
| Πηγή |
Κανονισμός |
|
EULAW
|
Άρθρο 21 Έλεγχος πρόσβασης
Άρθρο 21
Στο πλαίσιο του ελέγχου της διαχείρισης δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης, οι χρηματοοικονομικές οντότητες αναπτύσσουν, τεκμηριώνουν και εφαρμόζουν πολιτική που περιλαμβάνει όλα τα ακόλουθα:
α)
την εκχώρηση δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης σε πόρους ΤΠΕ με βάση τις αρχές της ανάγκης γνώσης, της ανάγκης χρήσης και των ελάχιστων προνομίων, μεταξύ άλλων για την εξ αποστάσεως πρόσβαση και την πρόσβαση έκτακτης ανάγκης·
β)
τον διαχωρισμό των καθηκόντων που έχουν σχεδιαστεί για την πρόληψη της αδικαιολόγητης πρόσβασης σε κρίσιμα δεδομένα ή για την αποτροπή της κατανομής συνδυασμών δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης που ενδέχεται να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την παράκαμψη ελέγχων·
γ)
διάταξη σχετικά με τη λογοδοσία χρήστη, περιορίζοντας στο μέτρο του δυνατού τη χρήση γενικών και κοινών λογαριασμών χρήστη και διασφαλίζοντας ότι ανά πάσα στιγμή μπορεί να εξακριβωθεί η ταυτότητα των χρηστών σε σχέση με τις ενέργειες που εκτελούνται στα συστήματα ΤΠΕ·
δ)
διάταξη σχετικά με τους περιορισμούς της πρόσβασης σε πόρους ΤΠΕ, καθορίζοντας δικλείδες ασφαλείας και εργαλεία για την πρόληψη της μη εξουσιοδοτημένης πρόσβασης·
ε)
διαδικασίες διαχείρισης λογαριασμών για τη χορήγηση, την αλλαγή ή την ανάκληση δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης για λογαριασμούς χρήστη και γενικούς λογαριασμούς, μεταξύ άλλων γενικούς λογαριασμούς διαχειριστή, συμπεριλαμβανομένης διάταξης για όλα τα ακόλουθα:
i)
την ανάθεση ρόλων και αρμοδιοτήτων για τη χορήγηση, την επανεξέταση και την ανάκληση δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης·
ii)
την εκχώρηση προνομιακής πρόσβασης, πρόσβασης έκτακτης ανάγκης και διαχειριστή με βάση την ανάγκη χρήσης ή ad hoc για όλα τα συστήματα ΤΠΕ·
iii)
την ανάκληση δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης χωρίς αδικαιολόγητη καθυστέρηση μετά τη λήξη της απασχόλησης ή όταν η πρόσβαση δεν είναι πλέον απαραίτητη·
iv)
την επικαιροποίηση δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης όταν απαιτούνται αλλαγές και τουλάχιστον μία φορά ετησίως για όλα τα συστήματα ΤΠΕ, εκτός από τα συστήματα ΤΠΕ που υποστηρίζουν κρίσιμες ή σημαντικές λειτουργίες και τουλάχιστον κάθε 6 μήνες για συστήματα ΤΠΕ που υποστηρίζουν κρίσιμες ή σημαντικές λειτουργίες·
στ)
μεθόδους επαλήθευσης ταυτότητας, συμπεριλαμβανομένων όλων των ακόλουθων στοιχείων:
i)
της χρήσης μεθόδων επαλήθευσης ταυτότητας ανάλογων με την ταξινόμηση που καθορίζεται σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 8 παράγραφος 1 του κανονισμού (ΕΕ) 2022/2554 και με το συνολικό προφίλ κινδύνου των πόρων ΤΠΕ και με συνεκτίμηση κορυφαίων πρακτικών·
ii)
της χρήσης μεθόδων ισχυρής αυθεντικοποίησης σύμφωνα με κορυφαίες πρακτικές και τεχνικές για την εξ αποστάσεως πρόσβαση στο δίκτυο της χρηματοοικονομικής οντότητας, για προνομιακή πρόσβαση, για πρόσβαση στους πόρους ΤΠΕ που υποστηρίζουν κρίσιμες ή σημαντικές λειτουργίες ή πόρους ΤΠΕ που είναι προσβάσιμοι από το κοινό·
ζ)
μέτρα για δικλείδες ασφαλείας φυσικής πρόσβασης που περιλαμβάνουν:
i)
την ταυτοποίηση και καταγραφή των φυσικών προσώπων που είναι εξουσιοδοτημένα να έχουν πρόσβαση σε εγκαταστάσεις, κέντρα δεδομένων και ευαίσθητους οριοθετημένους χώρους που προσδιορίζει η χρηματοοικονομική οντότητα, όπου βρίσκονται πόροι ΤΠΕ και πληροφοριακοί πόροι·
ii)
τη χορήγηση δικαιωμάτων φυσικής πρόσβασης σε κρίσιμους πόρους ΤΠΕ μόνο σε εξουσιοδοτημένα πρόσωπα, σύμφωνα με τις αρχές της ανάγκης γνώσης και των ελάχιστων προνομίων, και σε ad hoc βάση·
iii)
την παρακολούθηση της φυσικής πρόσβασης σε εγκαταστάσεις, κέντρα δεδομένων και ευαίσθητους οριοθετημένους χώρους που προσδιορίζει η χρηματοοικονομική οντότητα, όπου βρίσκονται πόροι ΤΠΕ και πληροφοριακοί πόροι·
iv)
την επανεξέταση των δικαιωμάτων φυσικής πρόσβασης προκειμένου να διασφαλιστεί η άμεση ανάκληση περιττών δικαιωμάτων πρόσβασης.
Για τους σκοπούς του στοιχείου ε) σημείο i), οι χρηματοοικονομικές οντότητες καθορίζουν την περίοδο διατήρησης, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τους επιχειρηματικούς στόχους και τους στόχους ασφάλειας των πληροφοριών, τους λόγους καταχώρισης του συμβάντος στα αρχεία καταγραφής και τα αποτελέσματα της αξιολόγησης κινδύνων ΤΠΕ.
Για τους σκοπούς του στοιχείου ε) σημείο ii), οι χρηματοοικονομικές οντότητες χρησιμοποιούν, όπου είναι δυνατόν, ειδικούς λογαριασμούς για την εκτέλεση διοικητικών καθηκόντων στα συστήματα ΤΠΕ. Όπου είναι εφικτό και σκόπιμο, οι χρηματοοικονομικές οντότητες εφαρμόζουν αυτοματοποιημένες λύσεις για τη διαχείριση προνομιακής πρόσβασης.
Για τους σκοπούς του στοιχείου ζ) σημείο i), η ταυτοποίηση και η καταγραφή είναι ανάλογες προς τη σημασία των εγκαταστάσεων, των κέντρων δεδομένων, των ευαίσθητων οριοθετημένων χώρων και με την κρισιμότητα των λειτουργιών ή των συστημάτων ΤΠΕ που βρίσκονται εκεί.
Για τους σκοπούς του στοιχείου ζ) σημείο iii), η παρακολούθηση είναι ανάλογη με την ταξινόμηση που καθορίζεται σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 8 παράγραφος 1 του κανονισμού (ΕΕ) 2022/2554 και την κρισιμότητα του χώρου στον οποίο πραγματοποιείται πρόσβαση.
|
Συνδεδεμένα ζητήματα
- Secure Controls Framework -
EN: GRCA includes the Secure Controls Framework® (SCF) content, © Secure Controls Framework Council, LLC, used under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License. SCF control numbers, names, descriptions and mappings appear exactly as published by the SCF Council – https://securecontrolsframework.com. GRCA may group or reorder SCF content for display, which does not change SCF content; the mappings are shown as links to the frameworks they name. Learn more at https://securecontrolsframework.com.
DE: GRCA enthält Inhalte des Secure Controls Framework® (SCF), © Secure Controls Framework Council, LLC, genutzt unter der Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License. Nummern, Namen, Beschreibungen und Zuordnungen der SCF-Controls erscheinen genau so, wie der SCF Council sie veröffentlicht – https://securecontrolsframework.com. GRCA gruppiert oder sortiert SCF-Inhalte für die Anzeige, ohne sie zu verändern; die Zuordnungen erscheinen als Verknüpfungen zu den genannten Regelwerken. Mehr unter https://securecontrolsframework.com.
|