- Platform: Android
- Weakness: MASWE-0045
- Weakness in the numbering of the MASWE beta: MASWE-0116
- Profiles: L2 (advanced security)
- Type: static, code
- Knowledge: MASTG-KNOW-0006
Overview
This test case checks if the native libraries of the app are compiled without common binary protection mechanisms (MASTG-KNOW-0006) such as stack smashing protection, a mitigation technique against buffer overflow attacks.
- NDK libraries should have stack canaries enabled since the compiler does it by default.
- Other custom C/C++ libraries might not have stack canaries enabled because they lack the necessary compiler flags (
-fstack-protector-strong, or-fstack-protector-all) or the canaries were optimized out by the compiler.
Steps
- Use MASTG-TECH-0157 to extract the native libraries from the app package.
- Use MASTG-TECH-0115 on each native library to obtain the compiler-provided security features.
Observation
The output should show all the security features enabled for each native library, including stack canaries.
Evaluation
The test case fails if stack canaries are disabled.
Developers need to ensure that the flags -fstack-protector-strong, or -fstack-protector-all are set in the compiler flags for all native libraries. This is especially important for custom C/C++ libraries that are not part of the NDK.
When evaluating this please note that there are potential expected false positives for which the test case should be considered as passed. To be certain for these cases, they require manual review of the original source code and the compilation flags used.
The following examples cover some of the false positive cases that might be encountered:
Use of Memory Safe Languages
The Flutter framework does not use stack canaries because of the way Dart mitigates buffer overflows.
Compiler Optimizations
Sometimes, due to the size of the library and the optimizations applied by the compiler, it might be possible that the library was originally compiled with stack canaries but they were optimized out. For example, this is the case for some react native apps. They are built with -fstack-protector-strong but when attempting to search for stack_chk_fail inside the .so files, it is not found.
- Empty .so files: Some .so files such as
libruntimeexecutor.soorlibreact_render_debug.soare effectively empty in release and therefore contain no symbols. Even if you were to attempt to build with-fstack-protector-all, you still won't be able to see thestack_chk_failstring as there are no method calls there. - Lack of stack buffer calls: Other files such as
libreact_utils.so,libreact_config.so, andlibreact_debug.soare not empty and contain method calls, but those methods don't contain stack buffer calls, so there are nostack_chk_failstrings inside them.
The React Native developers in this case declare that they won't be adding -fstack-protector-all as, in their case, they consider that doing so will add a performance hit for no effective security gain.
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