SECTION 1 General provisions

1.   Obliged entities shall apply customer due diligence measures in any of the following circumstances:

2.   In addition to the circumstances referred to in paragraph 1, credit institutions and financial institutions, with the exception of crypto-asset service providers, shall apply customer due diligence measures when initiating or executing an occasional transaction that constitutes a transfer of funds as defined in Article 3, point (9), of Regulation (EU) 2023/1113, that amounts to a value of at least EUR 1 000, or the equivalent in national currency, whether that transaction is carried out in a single operation or through linked transactions.

3.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1, point (b), crypto-asset service providers shall:

4.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1, point (b), obliged entities shall apply at least customer due diligence measures referred to in Article 20(1), point (a), when carrying out an occasional transaction in cash amounting to a value of at least EUR 3 000, or the equivalent in national currency, whether the transaction is carried out in a single operation or through linked transactions.

The first subparagraph of this paragraph shall not apply where Member States have in place, pursuant to Article 80(2) and (3), a limit to large cash payments of EUR 3 000 or less, or the equivalent in national currency, except in the cases covered by paragraph 4, point (b) of that Article.

5.   In addition to the circumstances referred to in paragraph 1, providers of gambling services shall apply customer due diligence measures upon the collection of winnings, the wagering of a stake, or both, when carrying out transactions amounting to at least EUR 2 000 or the equivalent in national currency, whether the transaction is carried out in a single operation or through linked transactions.

6.   For the purposes of this Chapter, obliged entities shall consider as their customers the following persons:

7.   Supervisors may, directly or in cooperation with other authorities in that Member State, exempt obliged entities from applying, in full or in part, the customer due diligence measures referred to in Article 20(1), points (a), (b) and (c), with respect to electronic money on the basis of the proven low risk posed by the nature of the product, where all of the following risk-mitigating conditions are met:

8.   Providers of gambling services may fulfil their obligation to apply customer due diligence measures referred to in Article 20(1), point (a), by identifying the customer and verifying the customer’s identity upon entry to the casino or other physical gambling premises, provided that they have systems in place that enable them to attribute transactions to specific customers.

9.   By 10 July 2026, AMLA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards and submit them to the Commission for adoption. Those draft regulatory technical standards shall specify:

When developing the draft regulatory technical standards referred to in the first subparagraph, AMLA shall take due account of the inherent levels of risks of the business models of the different types of obliged entities and of the risk assessment at Union level conducted by the Commission pursuant to Article 7 of Directive (EU) 2024/1640.

10.   Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraph 9 of this Article in accordance with Articles 49 to 52 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1620.

1.   For the purpose of conducting customer due diligence, obliged entities shall apply all of the following measures:

2.   Obliged entities shall determine the extent of the measures referred to in paragraph 1 on the basis of an individual analysis of the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing having regard to the specific characteristics of the client and of the business relationship or occasional transaction, and taking into account the business-wide risk assessment by the obliged entity pursuant to Article 10 and the money laundering and terrorist financing variables set out in Annex I as well as the risk factors set out in Annexes II and III.

Where obliged entities identify an increased risk of money laundering or terrorist financing they shall apply enhanced due diligence measures pursuant to Section 4 of this Chapter. Where situations of lower risk are identified, obliged entities may apply simplified due diligence measures pursuant to Section 3 of this Chapter.

3.   By 10 July 2026, AMLA shall issue guidelines on the risk variables and risk factors to be taken into account by obliged entities when entering into business relationships or carrying out occasional transactions.

4.   Obliged entities shall at all times be able to demonstrate to their supervisors that the measures taken are appropriate in view of the risks of money laundering and terrorist financing that have been identified.

1.   Where an obliged entity is unable to comply with the requirement to apply customer due diligence measures laid down in Article 20(1), it shall refrain from carrying out a transaction or establishing a business relationship, and shall terminate the business relationship and consider reporting a suspicious transaction to the FIU in relation to the customer in accordance with Article 69.

The termination of a business relationship pursuant to the first subparagraph of this paragraph shall not prohibit the receipt of funds as defined in Article 4, point (25), of Directive (EU) 2015/2366 due to the obliged entity.

Where an obliged entity has a duty to protect its customer’s assets, the termination of the business relationship shall not be understood as requiring the disposal of the assets of the customer.

In the case of life insurance contracts, obliged entities shall, where necessary as an alternative measure to terminating the business relationship, refrain from performing transactions for the customer, including payouts to beneficiaries, until the customer due diligence measures laid down in Article 20(1) are complied with.

2.   Paragraph 1 shall not apply to notaries, lawyers, other independent legal professionals, auditors, external accountants and tax advisors, to the extent that those persons ascertain the legal position of their client, or perform the task of defending or representing that client in, or concerning, judicial proceedings, including providing advice on instituting or avoiding such proceedings.

The first subparagraph shall not apply when the obliged entities referred to therein:

3.   Obliged entities shall keep record of the actions taken in order to comply with the requirement to apply customer due diligence measures, including records of the decisions taken and the relevant supporting documents and justifications. Documents, data or information held by the obliged entity shall be updated whenever the customer due diligence is reviewed pursuant to Article 26.

The obligation to keep records provided for in the first subparagraph of this paragraph shall also apply to situations where obliged entities refuse to enter into a business relationship, terminate a business relationship or apply alternative measures pursuant to paragraph 1.

4.   By 10 July 2027, AMLA shall issue joint guidelines with the European Banking Authority on the measures that may be taken by credit institutions and financial institutions to ensure compliance with AML/CFT rules when implementing the requirements of Directive 2014/92/EU, including in relation to business relationships that are most affected by de-risking practices.

1.   With the exception of cases of lower risk to which measures under Section 3 apply and irrespective of the application of additional measures in cases of higher risk under Section 4 obliged entities shall obtain at least the following information in order to identify the customer, any person purporting to act on behalf of the customer, and the natural persons on whose behalf or for the benefit of whom a transaction or activity is being conducted:

2.   For the purposes of identifying the beneficial owner of a legal entity or of a legal arrangement, obliged entities shall collect the information referred to in Article 62(1), second subparagraph, point (a).

Where, after having exhausted all possible means of identification, no natural persons are identified as beneficial owners, or where there are doubts that the persons identified are the beneficial owners, obliged entities shall record that no beneficial owner was identified and identify all the natural persons holding the positions of senior managing officials in the legal entity and shall verify their identity.

Where the performance of identity verification referred to in the second subparagraph may tip off the customer that the obliged entity has doubts regarding the beneficial ownership of the legal entity, the obliged entity shall abstain from verifying the senior managing officials’ identity, and shall instead record the steps taken to ascertain the identity of the beneficial owners and senior managing officials. Obliged entities shall keep records of the actions taken as well as of the difficulties encountered during the identification process, which led to resorting to the identification of a senior managing official.

3.   Credit institutions and financial institutions shall obtain information to identify and verify the identity of the natural or legal persons using any virtual IBAN they issue, and the associated bank or payment account.

The credit institution or financial institution servicing the bank or payment account to which a virtual IBAN issued by another credit institution or financial institution redirects payments, shall ensure that it can obtain from the institution issuing the virtual IBAN the information identifying and verifying the identity of the natural person using that virtual IBAN without delay and in any case within 5 working days of it requesting that information.

4.   In the case of beneficiaries of trusts or similar legal entities or arrangements that are designated by particular characteristics or class, an obliged entity shall obtain sufficient information concerning the beneficiary so that it will be able to establish the identity of the beneficiary at the time of the payout or at the time of the exercise by the beneficiary of its vested rights.

5.   In the case of discretionary trusts, an obliged entity shall obtain sufficient information concerning the objects of a power and default takers to enable it to establish the identity of the beneficiary at the time of the exercise by the trustees of their power of discretion, or at the time that the default takers become the beneficiaries due to the trustees’ failure to exercise their power of discretion.

6.   Obliged entities shall obtain the information, documents and data necessary for the verification of the identity of the customer and of any person purporting to act on their behalf through either of the following means:

7.   Obliged entities shall verify the identity of the beneficial owner and, where relevant, the persons on whose behalf or for the benefit of whom a transaction or activity is being carried out in either of the following ways:

Obliged entities shall determine the extent of the information to be consulted, having regard to the risks posed by the occasional transaction or the business relationship and the beneficial owner, including risks relating to the ownership structure.

In addition to the means of verification set out in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, obliged entities shall verify the information on the beneficial owners by consulting the central registers.

1.   Verification of the identity of the customer, the beneficial owner, and of any persons pursuant to Article 20(1), points (h) and (i), shall take place before the establishment of a business relationship or the carrying out of an occasional transaction. Such obligation shall not apply to situations of lower risk under Section 3 of this Chapter, provided that the lower risk justifies postponement of such verification.

For real estate agents, the verification referred to in the first subparagraph shall be carried out after an offer is accepted by the seller or lessor, and in all cases before any funds or property are transferred.

2.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1, verification of the identity of the customer and of the beneficial owner may be completed during the establishment of a business relationship if necessary so as not to interrupt the normal conduct of business and where there is little risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. In such situations, those procedures shall be completed as soon as practicable after initial contact.

3.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1 of this Article, a credit institution or financial institution may open an account, including accounts that permit transactions in transferable securities, as may be required by a customer provided that there are adequate safeguards in place to ensure that transactions are not carried out by the customer or on its behalf until full compliance with the customer due diligence measures laid down in Article 20(1), points (a) and (b), is obtained.

4.   Whenever entering into a new business relationship with a legal entity or the trustee of an express trust or the person holding an equivalent position in a similar legal arrangement referred to in Articles 51, 57, 58, 61 and 67 and subject to the registration of beneficial ownership information pursuant to Article 10 of Directive (EU) 2024/1640, obliged entities shall collect valid proof of registration or a recently issued excerpt of the register confirming validity of registration.

1.   Obliged entities shall report to the central registers any discrepancies they find between the information available in the central registers and the information they collect pursuant to Article 20(1), point (b), and Article 22(7).

The discrepancies referred to in the first subparagraph shall be reported without undue delay and, in any case, within 14 calendar days of their detection. When reporting such discrepancies, obliged entities shall accompany their reports with information they have obtained indicating the discrepancy and whom they consider to be the beneficial owners and, where applicable, the nominee shareholders and nominee directors to be and why.

2.   By way of derogation from paragraph 1, obliged entities may refrain from reporting discrepancies to the central register and may instead request additional information from the customers where the discrepancies identified:

Where an obliged entity concludes that the beneficial ownership information in the central register is incorrect, it shall invite the customer to submit the correct information to the central register pursuant to Articles 63, 64 and 67 without undue delay, and, in any case, within 14 calendar days.

This paragraph shall not apply to cases of higher risk to which measures under Section 4 of this Chapter apply.

3.   Where a customer has not submitted the correct information within the deadline referred to in paragraph 2, second subparagraph, the obliged entity shall report the discrepancy to the central register in accordance with paragraph 1, second subparagraph.

4.   This Article shall not apply to notaries, lawyers, other independent legal professionals, auditors, external accountants and tax advisors in relation to information they receive from, or obtain on, a client, in the course of ascertaining the legal position of that client, or performing their task of defending or representing that client in, or concerning, judicial proceedings, including providing advice on instituting or avoiding such proceedings, regardless of whether such information is received or obtained before, during or after such proceedings.

However, the requirements of this Article shall apply when the obliged entities referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph provide legal advice in any of the situations covered by Article 21(2), second subparagraph.

1.   Obliged entities shall conduct ongoing monitoring of business relationships, including transactions undertaken by the customer throughout the course of a business relationship, to ensure that those transactions are consistent with the obliged entity’s knowledge of the customer, the customer’s business activity and risk profile, and where necessary, with the information about the origin and destination of the funds and to detect those transactions that shall be made subject to a more thorough assessment pursuant to Article 69(2).

Where business relationships cover more than one product or service, obliged entities shall ensure that the customer due diligence measures cover all those products and services.

Where obliged entities belonging to a group have business relationships with customers that are also the customers of other entities within that group, whether obliged entities or undertakings not subject to AML/CFT requirements, they shall take into account information relating to those other business relationships for the purposes of monitoring the business relationship with their customers.

2.   In the context of the ongoing monitoring referred to in paragraph 1, obliged entities shall ensure that the relevant documents, data or information of the customer are kept up to date.

The period between updates of customer information pursuant to the first subparagraph shall be dependent on the risk posed by the business relationship and shall not in any case exceed:

3.   In addition to the requirements set out in paragraph 2, obliged entities shall review and, where relevant, update the customer information where:

4.   In addition to the ongoing monitoring referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, obliged entities shall regularly verify whether the conditions laid down in Article 20(1), point (d), are met. The frequency of that verification shall be commensurate with the exposure of the obliged entity and the business relationship to risks of non-implementation and evasion of targeted financial sanctions.

For credit institutions and financial institutions, the verification referred to in the first subparagraph shall also be carried out upon any new designation in relation to targeted financial sanctions.

The requirements of this paragraph shall not replace the obligation to apply targeted financial sanctions or stricter requirements under other Union legal acts or under national law on the verification of the client base against lists of targeted financial sanctions.

5.   By 10 July 2026, AMLA shall issue guidelines on ongoing monitoring of a business relationship and on the monitoring of the transactions carried out in the context of such relationship.

1.   In respect of customers that are subject to UN financial sanctions or that are controlled by natural or legal persons or entities subject to UN financial sanctions, or in which natural or legal persons or entities that are subject to UN financial sanctions have more than 50 % of the proprietary rights or majority interest, whether individually or collectively, obliged entities shall keep records of:

2.   Obliged entities shall apply this Article between the time that UN financial sanctions are made public and the time of application of the relevant targeted financial sanctions in the Union.

1.   By 10 July 2026, AMLA shall develop draft regulatory technical standards and submit them to the Commission for adoption. Those draft regulatory technical standards shall specify:

2.   The requirements and measures referred to in paragraph 1, points (a) and (b), shall be based on the following criteria:

3.   AMLA shall review regularly the regulatory technical standards and, if necessary, prepare and submit to the Commission the draft for updating those standards in order, inter alia, to take account of innovation and technological developments.

4.   Power is delegated to the Commission to supplement this Regulation by adopting the regulatory technical standards referred to in paragraphs 1 and 3 of this Article in accordance with Articles 49 to 52 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1620.