2. The identity management policies and procedures referred to in paragraph 1 shall contain all of the following:

• (a) without prejudice to Article 21, first paragraph, point (c), a unique identity corresponding to a unique user account shall be assigned to each staff member of the financial entity or staff of the ICT third-party service providers accessing the information assets and ICT assets of the financial entity;
  • For the purposes of point (a), financial entities shall maintain records of all identity assignments. Those records shall be kept following a reorganisation of the financial entity or after the end of the contractual relationship without prejudice to the retention requirements laid down in applicable Union and national law.
• (b) a lifecycle management process for identities and accounts managing the creation, change, review and update, temporary deactivation, and termination of all accounts.
  • For the purposes of point (b), financial entities shall, where feasible and appropriate, deploy automated solutions for the lifecycle identity management process.

As part of their control of access management rights, financial entities shall develop, document, and implement a policy that contains all of the following:

• (a) the assignment of access rights to ICT assets based on need-to-know, need-to-use and least privilege principles, including for remote and emergency access;
• (b) the segregation of duties designed to prevent unjustified access to critical data or to prevent the allocation of combinations of access rights that may be used to circumvent controls;
• (c) a provision on user accountability, by limiting to the extent possible the use of generic and shared user accounts and ensuring that users are identifiable for the actions performed in the ICT systems at all times;
• (d) a provision on restrictions of access to ICT assets, setting out controls and tools to prevent unauthorised access;
• (e) account management procedures to grant, change or revoke access rights for user and generic accounts, including generic administrator accounts, including provision on all of the following:
  • (i) assignment of roles and responsibilities for granting, reviewing, and revoking access rights;
    • For the purposes of point (e)(i), financial entities shall establish the retention period taking into account the business and information security objectives, the reasons for recording the event in the logs, and the results of the ICT risk assessment.
  • (ii) assignment of privileged, emergency, and administrator access on a need-to-use or an ad-hoc basis for all ICT systems;
    • For the purposes of point (e)(ii), financial entities shall, where possible, use dedicated accounts for the performance of administrative tasks on ICT systems. Where feasible and appropriate, financial entities shall deploy automated solutions for the privilege access management.
  • (iii) withdrawal of access rights without undue delay upon termination of the employment or when the access is no longer necessary;
  • (iv) update of access rights where changes are necessary and at least once a year for all ICT systems, other than ICT systems supporting critical or important functions and at least every 6 months for ICT systems supporting critical or important functions;
• (f) authentication methods, including all of the following:
  • (i) the use of authentication methods commensurate to the classification established in accordance with Article 8(1) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 and to the overall risk profile of ICT assets and considering leading practices;
  • (ii) the use of strong authentication methods in accordance with leading practices and techniques for remote access to the financial entity’s network, for privileged access, for access to ICT assets supporting critical or important functions or ICT assets that are publicly accessible;
• (g) physical access controls measures including:
  • (i) the identification and logging of natural persons that are authorised to access premises, data centres, and sensitive designated areas identified by the financial entity where ICT and information assets reside
    • For the purposes of point (g)(i), the identification and logging shall be commensurate with the importance of the premises, data centres, sensitive designated areas, and the criticality of the operations or ICT systems located therein.
  • (ii) the granting of physical access rights to critical ICT assets to authorised persons only, in accordance with the need-to-know and least privilege principles, and on an ad-hoc basis;
  • (iii) the monitoring of physical access to premises, data centres, and sensitive designated areas identified by the financial entity where ICT and information assets or both reside;
    • For the purposes of point (g)(iii), the monitoring shall be commensurate to the classification established in accordance with Article 8(1) of Regulation (EU) 2022/2554 and the criticality of the area accessed.
  • (iv) the review of physical access rights to ensure that unnecessary access rights are promptly revoked.