+BDSG § 71 Datenschutz durch Technikgestaltung und datenschutzfreundliche Voreinstellungen
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BDSG § 71 Datenschutz durch Technikgestaltung und datenschutzfreundliche Voreinstellungen
(1) Der Verantwortliche hat sowohl zum Zeitpunkt der Festlegung der Mittel für die Verarbeitung als auch zum Zeitpunkt der Verarbeitung selbst angemessene Vorkehrungen zu treffen, die geeignet sind, die Datenschutzgrundsätze wie etwa die Datensparsamkeit wirksam umzusetzen, und die sicherstellen, dass die gesetzlichen Anforderungen eingehalten und die Rechte der betroffenen Personen geschützt werden. Er hat hierbei den Stand der Technik, die Implementierungskosten und die Art, den Umfang, die Umstände und die Zwecke der Verarbeitung sowie die unterschiedliche Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit und Schwere der mit der Verarbeitung verbundenen Gefahren für die Rechtsgüter der betroffenen Personen zu berücksichtigen. Insbesondere sind die Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten und die Auswahl und Gestaltung von Datenverarbeitungssystemen an dem Ziel auszurichten, so wenig personenbezogene Daten wie möglich zu verarbeiten. Personenbezogene Daten sind zum frühestmöglichen Zeitpunkt zu anonymisieren oder zu pseudonymisieren, soweit dies nach dem Verarbeitungszweck möglich ist. (2) Der Verantwortliche hat geeignete technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen zu treffen, die sicherstellen, dass durch Voreinstellungen grundsätzlich nur solche personenbezogenen Daten verarbeitet werden können, deren Verarbeitung für den jeweiligen bestimmten Verarbeitungszweck erforderlich ist. Dies betrifft die Menge der erhobenen Daten, den Umfang ihrer Verarbeitung, ihre Speicherfrist und ihre Zugänglichkeit. Die Maßnahmen müssen insbesondere gewährleisten, dass die Daten durch Voreinstellungen nicht automatisiert einer unbestimmten Anzahl von Personen zugänglich gemacht werden können.
1. Yleiskatsaus
1.1 Viittaukset
1.2 Tunnistetut vaatimukset
1.3 Liittyvät standardit
2. Tunnistetut vaatimukset
Vaatimukset
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Vaatimus |
3. Liittyvät standardit
Standardit
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Vaatimus |
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SCF
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Reasonable Data Privacy Practices
Description
Mechanisms exist to limit the collection, receiving, processing, storage, transmission, sharing, updating and/or disposal of Personal Data (PD) according to reasonable consumer expectations for what is necessary and proportionate.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Follow basic privacy best practices for data handling
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Documented reasonable data privacy practices policy
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Formal reasonable data privacy practices program
∙ Privacy principles implementation
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Enterprise privacy program aligned with GDPR/CCPA principles
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise privacy management platform (e.g., OneTrust, TrustArc)
∙ Comprehensive privacy practices program
∙ Regulatory compliance management
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Privacy (PRI) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with PRI domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Data privacy-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ No formal data privacy team exists. Privacy roles are assigned to existing IT / cybersecurity.
▪ Data/process owners are expected to take the initiative to work with Data Protection Officers (DPOs) to ensure applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual obligations are properly addressed, including the storage, transmission and processing of sensitive/regulated data.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Privacy (PRI) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PRI domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PRI domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PRI domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Data privacy management-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines).
▪ Data privacy management may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel.
▪ A qualified individual is formally assigned as the Chief Privacy Officer (CPO), or similar role, to lead the organization's data privacy program. This individual may be assigned to multiple data privacy-related roles.
▪ The CPO, or similar role, identifies appropriate data privacy controls that Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) and third-parties must adhere to, in addition to applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual obligations.
▪ The data privacy program is developed to work with IT and cybersecurity staff to ensure that applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual data privacy obligations for Personal Data (PD) are properly identified and implemented.
▪ Communications with data subjects is designed to be readily accessible and written in a manner that is concise, unambiguous and understandable by a reasonable person.
▪ Asset / process owners collect, store, processes, transmit share or use PD only for the purposes identified in the data privacy notice.
Level 3 Well Defined
Privacy (PRI) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PRI domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PRI domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ A data privacy team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain PRI domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data privacy operations (e.g., privacy notice management software and customer management solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PRI domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to limit the collection, receiving, processing, storage, transmission, sharing, updating and/or disposal of Personal Data (PD) according to reasonable consumer expectations for what is necessary and proportionate.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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SCF
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Security of Personal Data (PD)
Description
Mechanisms exist to ensure Personal Data (PD) is protected by logical and physical security safeguards that are sufficient and appropriately scoped to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the PD.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Data classification program
∙ Data privacy program
∙ Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
∙ Product / project management
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Data classification program
∙ Data privacy program
∙ Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
∙ Product / project management
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Data classification program
∙ Data privacy program
∙ Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
∙ Product / project management
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Data classification program
∙ Data privacy program
∙ Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
∙ Product / project management
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Data classification program
∙ Data privacy program
∙ Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
∙ Product / project management
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
SCR-CMM Level 2 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude a well-defined and standardized process is required.
▪ At this level of maturity, the “requirements-driven” nature of performing the control is focused on a localized and/or regionalized implementation, not uniform and consistent across the organization.
▪ Requirements are narrowly scoped for applicability and are primarily derived from compliance obligations (e.g., laws, regulations and contracts).
Level 3 Well Defined
Privacy (PRI) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with PRI domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with PRI domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ A data privacy team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain PRI domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data privacy operations (e.g., privacy notice management software and customer management solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with PRI domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to ensure Personal Data (PD) is protected by logical and physical security safeguards that are sufficient and appropriately scoped to protect the confidentiality and integrity of the PD.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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