- Platform: Android
- Weakness: MASWE-0002
- Weakness in the numbering of the MASWE beta: MASWE-0007
- Profiles: L1 (basic security), L2 (advanced security)
- Type: dynamic, hooks, manual
- APIs:
Environment#getExternalStorageDirectory,Environment#getExternalStorageDirectory,Environment#getExternalFilesDir,Environment#getExternalCacheDir,FileOutputStream - Knowledge: MASTG-KNOW-0042
Overview
Android apps use a variety of APIs to access the external storage (MASTG-KNOW-0042). Collecting a comprehensive list of these APIs can be challenging, especially if an app uses a third-party framework, loads code at runtime, or includes native code.
The most effective approach to testing applications that write to device storage is usually dynamic analysis, and specifically method hooking. You can use it to hook into the relevant APIs such as getExternalStorageDirectory, getExternalStoragePublicDirectory, getExternalFilesDir or FileOutPutStream. You could also use open as a catch-all for file interactions. However, this won't catch all file interactions, such as those that use the MediaStore API and should be done with additional filtering as it can generate a lot of noise.
Steps
- Use MASTG-TECH-0005 to install the app.
- Use MASTG-TECH-0043 to hook the relevant API calls.
- Exercise the app extensively to trigger as many flows as possible and enter sensitive data wherever you can.
Observation
The output should contain a list of files that the app wrote to the external storage during execution and the APIs used to write them including function names and backtraces.
Evaluation
The test case fails if the files found above are not encrypted and leak sensitive data.
Further Validation Required:
Inspect the content of each reported file to determine whether the data is sensitive:
- Determine whether the file contains sensitive information (e.g., personal data, credentials, or tokens).
- Determine whether the data is stored without encryption.
Use MASTG-TECH-0023 to inspect the code locations from the backtraces if you want to determine the exact code paths that lead to the file creation and whether they are security-relevant.
- OWASP -
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- OWASP Mobile Application Security Weakness Enumeration (MASWE) v1.0.0, August 2026, from OWASP/maswe: © The OWASP Foundation, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Changes: converted into the GRCA format, the wording unchanged, linked to the MASVS controls they map to. These adaptations are shared under CC BY-SA 4.0 as well.
- OWASP Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) v2.0.0, June 2026, from OWASP/mastg: © The OWASP Foundation, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The tests and best practices only, without code samples, images, tools or apps. Changes: converted into the GRCA format, the wording unchanged; references to other pages of the MASTG as links to mas.owasp.org; the weakness of each test in the numbering of MASWE v1 and linked to it. These adaptations are shared under CC BY-SA 4.0 as well.
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- OWASP Application Security Verification Standard (ASVS) 5.0.0, Mai 2025, aus OWASP/ASVS: © 2008-2025 The OWASP Foundation, lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 4.0. Änderungen: in Abschnitte aufgeteilt und in das GRCA-Format umgewandelt, der Wortlaut unverändert. Diese Bearbeitungen stehen ebenfalls unter CC BY-SA 4.0.
- OWASP Mobile Application Security Verification Standard (MASVS) v2.1.0, Januar 2024, aus OWASP/masvs: © The OWASP Foundation, lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 4.0. Änderungen: in das GRCA-Format umgewandelt, der Wortlaut unverändert. Diese Bearbeitungen stehen ebenfalls unter CC BY-SA 4.0.
- OWASP Mobile Application Security Weakness Enumeration (MASWE) v1.0.0, August 2026, aus OWASP/maswe: © The OWASP Foundation, lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 4.0. Änderungen: in das GRCA-Format umgewandelt, der Wortlaut unverändert, mit den MASVS-Controls verknüpft, denen sie zugeordnet sind. Diese Bearbeitungen stehen ebenfalls unter CC BY-SA 4.0.
- OWASP Mobile Application Security Testing Guide (MASTG) v2.0.0, Juni 2026, aus OWASP/mastg: © The OWASP Foundation, lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 4.0. Nur die Tests und Best Practices, ohne Codebeispiele, Bilder, Werkzeuge und Apps. Änderungen: in das GRCA-Format umgewandelt, der Wortlaut unverändert; Verweise auf andere Seiten des MASTG als Links zu mas.owasp.org; die Schwachstelle jedes Tests in der Nummerierung der MASWE v1 und mit ihr verknüpft. Diese Bearbeitungen stehen ebenfalls unter CC BY-SA 4.0.
- OWASP Software Assurance Maturity Model (SAMM) v2.2.0, Juli 2026, aus owaspsamm/core: © The OWASP Foundation, lizenziert unter CC BY-SA 4.0. Änderungen: in das GRCA-Format umgewandelt, der Wortlaut unverändert; Kürzel (G-SM-1-A) aus dem Modell gebildet, die Assessment-Fragen als Prüfverfahren ihrer Aktivitäten. Diese Bearbeitungen stehen ebenfalls unter CC BY-SA 4.0.
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