Article 31 1.

Without prejudice to the obligations of Member States under Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 6 ), Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that those penalties are implemented. Before 1 January 2026, Member States shall notify the Commission of those rules and of those measures and shall notify it, without delay, of any subsequent amendment affecting them.