3.2 Awareness and Training

Statement

• Provide security literacy training to system users:

  • On the advanced persistent threat,

  • On recognizing suspicious communications and anomalous behavior in systems using {{ insert: param, A.03.02.01E.ODP.01 }}, and

  • On the cyber threat environment.

• Update security literacy training content {{ insert: param, A.03.02.01E.ODP.02 }} and following {{ insert: param, A.03.02.01E.ODP.03 }}.

Guidance

An effective way to detect APTs, address the cyber threat environment, and preclude successful attacks is to provide specific literacy training for individuals. Threat literacy training includes educating individuals on the various ways that APTs can infiltrate the organization (e.g., through websites, emails, pop-ups, articles, and social engineering) and describes techniques for recognizing suspicious emails, the use of removable systems in non-secure settings, and the potential targeting of individuals at home. Personnel are also trained on what constitutes suspicious communications and how to respond to such communications. Training personnel on how to recognize anomalous behaviors in systems can provide organizations with early warning of the presence of malicious code. Recognizing anomalous behavior in systems can supplement the malicious code detection and protection tools and systems used by organizations. Since threats continue to change over time, threat literacy training is dynamic. Moreover, threat literacy training is not performed in isolation from the system operations that support organizational missions and business functions. This requirement enhances SP 800-171 requirement 03.02.01.

Statement

• (includes preempt) Ensure that the threat event does not have an impact.

  • Reduce likelihood of occurrence and/or reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary’s efforts or resources cannot be applied or are wasted.

• (includes detect) Reduce risk due to ignorance of threat events and possible replicated or similar threat events in the same or similar environments.

  • Reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary loses the advantage of stealth as defenders are better prepared by developing and sharing threat intelligence.

Assessment objective

security literacy training on the advanced persistent threat is provided to system users.

Assessment objective

security literacy training on recognizing suspicious communications and anomalous behavior in systems using {{ insert: param, A.03.02.01E.ODP.01 }} is provided to system users.

Assessment objective

security literacy training on the cyber threat environment is provided to system users.

Assessment objective

security literacy training content is updated {{ insert: param, A.03.02.01E.ODP.02 }}.

Assessment objective

security literacy training content is updated following {{ insert: param, A.03.02.01E.ODP.03 }}

Assessment method

• System security plan security literacy and awareness training policy procedures addressing security literacy and awareness training implementation security literacy and awareness training curriculum security literacy and awareness training materials other relevant documents or records

Assessment method

• Personnel who receive security literacy and awareness training personnel with responsibilities for security literacy and awareness training personnel with information security responsibilities

Statement

Provide practical exercises in literacy training that simulate events and incidents.

Guidance

Practical exercises include no-notice social engineering attempts to collect information, gain unauthorized access, or simulate the adverse impact of opening malicious email attachments or invoking malicious web links via spear phishing attacks. This requirement enhances SP 800-171 requirement 03.02.01.

Statement

• (includes preempt) Ensure that the threat event does not have an impact.

  • Reduce likelihood of occurrence and/or reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary’s efforts or resources cannot be applied or are wasted.

• (includes detect) Reduce risk due to ignorance of threat events and possible replicated or similar threat events in the same or similar environments.

  • Reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary loses the advantage of stealth as defenders are better prepared by developing and sharing threat intelligence.

Assessment objective

practical exercises in literacy training that simulate events and incidents are provided.

Assessment method

• System security plan security literacy and awareness training policy procedures addressing security literacy and awareness training implementation security awareness training curriculum security awareness training materials other relevant documents or records

Assessment method

• Personnel who receive security literacy and awareness training personnel with responsibilities for security awareness training personnel with information security responsibilities

Assessment method

• Mechanisms implementing cyber-attack simulations in practical exercises

Statement

Provide feedback on organizational training results to the following personnel {{ insert: param, A.03.02.03E.ODP.01 }}.

Guidance

Training feedback includes literacy and role-based training results, which can indicate a potentially serious problem, especially the failures of personnel in critical roles. Managers should be made aware of such situations so that they can respond accordingly. Training feedback supports the evaluation and update of organizational training content and methodology. This requirement does not enhance a specific requirement in SP 800-171 but can be used to strengthen the protection of CUI associated with critical programs or high value assets.

Statement

• (includes preempt) Ensure that the threat event does not have an impact.

  • Reduce likelihood of occurrence and/or reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary’s efforts or resources cannot be applied or are wasted.

• (includes detect) Reduce risk due to ignorance of threat events and possible replicated or similar threat events in the same or similar environments.

  • Reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary loses the advantage of stealth as defenders are better prepared by developing and sharing threat intelligence.

Assessment objective

feedback on organizational training results is provided to {{ insert: param, A.03.02.03E.ODP.01 }}.

Assessment method

• Security awareness training policy procedures addressing security literacy and awareness training records security literacy and awareness training records security plan other relevant documents or records

Assessment method

• Personnel with security and awareness training record retention responsibilities

Assessment method

• Mechanisms supporting the management of security literacy and awareness training records

Statement

Train {{ insert: param, A.03.02.04E.ODP.01 }} to detect counterfeit system components.

Guidance

System components include hardware, software, and firmware components as well as the documentation for those components. This requirement is sourced to a control tailored out of the SP 800-53B .13 moderate baseline in SP 800-171.

Statement

• (includes preempt) Ensure that the threat event does not have an impact.

  • Reduce likelihood of occurrence and/or reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary’s efforts or resources cannot be applied or are wasted.

• (includes detect) Reduce risk due to ignorance of threat events and possible replicated or similar threat events in the same or similar environments.

  • Reduce likelihood of impact.

  • The adversary loses the advantage of stealth as defenders are better prepared by developing and sharing threat intelligence.

Assessment objective

{{ insert: param, A.03.02.04E.ODP.01 }} are trained to detect counterfeit system components.

Assessment method

• Supply chain risk management policy and procedures supply chain risk management plan system and services acquisition policy anti-counterfeit plan anti-counterfeit policy and procedures media disposal policy media protection policy incident response policy training materials addressing counterfeit system components training records on the detection and prevention of counterfeit components entering the system system security plan other relevant documents or records

Assessment method

• Personnel with information security responsibilities personnel with supply chain risk management responsibilities personnel with contract management responsibilities personnel with personnel with responsibilities for anti-counterfeit policies, procedures, and training

Assessment method

• Processes for anti-counterfeit training