Adversaries may encode data with a standard data encoding system to make the content of command and control traffic more difficult to detect. Command and control (C2) information can be encoded using a standard data encoding system that adheres to existing protocol specifications. Common data encoding schemes include ASCII, Unicode, hexadecimal, Base64, and MIME.^[1],[2] Some data encoding systems may also result in data compression, such as gzip.

References

1. Wikipedia. (2016, December 26). Binary-to-text encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
2. Wikipedia. (2017, February 19). Character Encoding. Retrieved March 1, 2017.

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