Article 12 1.

Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of this Regulation and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive taking into account, in particular, the nature, duration, recurrence and gravity of the infringement. Member States shall, by 31 December 2024, notify the Commission of those rules and of those measures and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them.