Today, information technology consists of electronic components to a large extent. Optical transmission technology is also increasingly used, but computers, network switching elements and storage systems, for instance, usually contain a very large number of electronic components. The function of electronic devices can be impaired or even damaged by electromagnetic interference radiation acting on such components. As a consequence, this may result in failures, malfunctions, incorrect processing results or communication errors amongst other things.

Wireless communication can also be impaired by electromagnetic interference. Under certain circumstances, a sufficiently strong interference of the frequency bands used is enough to cause electromagnetic interference.

In addition, information that is stored on certain types of storage media may be deleted or corrupted by electromagnetic interference. This applies particularly to magnetisable storage media (hard disks, magnetic tapes etc.) and semiconductors. These storage media may even be damaged by electromagnetic interference.

There are many different sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation, for example wireless networks such as WLAN, Bluetooth, GSM, UMTS etc., permanent magnets and cosmic radiation. Moreover, each electrical device emits more or less strong electromagnetic waves which can be spread through the air, amongst other things, and along metallic conductors (e.g. cables, air conditioning ducts, heating pipes etc.).

In Germany, the Electromagnetic Compatibility Act (EMVG) contains rules with respect to this topic.

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