|
Fuel
|
Energy content by weight
(lower calorific value, MJ/kg)
|
Energy content by volume
(lower calorific value, MJ/l)
|
|
FUELS FROM BIOMASS AND/OR BIOMASS PROCESSING OPERATIONS
|
|
|
|
Bio-Propane
|
46
|
24
|
|
Pure vegetable oil (oil produced from oil plants through pressing, extraction or comparable procedures, crude or refined but chemically unmodified)
|
37
|
34
|
|
Biodiesel – fatty acid methyl ester (methyl-ester produced from oil of biomass origin)
|
37
|
33
|
|
Biodiesel – fatty acid ethyl ester (ethyl-ester produced from oil of biomass origin)
|
38
|
34
|
|
Biogas that can be purified to natural gas quality
|
50
|
—
|
|
Hydrotreated (thermochemically treated with hydrogen) oil of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of diesel
|
44
|
34
|
|
Hydrotreated (thermochemically treated with hydrogen) oil of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of petrol
|
45
|
30
|
|
Hydrotreated (thermochemically treated with hydrogen) oil of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of jet fuel
|
44
|
34
|
|
Hydrotreated oil (thermochemically treated with hydrogen) of biomass origin, to be used for replacement of liquefied petroleum gas
|
46
|
24
|
|
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin to be used for replacement of diesel
|
43
|
36
|
|
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin, to be used to replace petrol
|
44
|
32
|
|
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin, to be used to replace jet fuel
|
43
|
33
|
|
Co-processed oil (processed in a refinery simultaneously with fossil fuel) of biomass or pyrolysed biomass origin, to be used to replace liquefied petroleum gas
|
46
|
23
|
|
RENEWABLE FUELS THAT CAN BE PRODUCED FROM VARIOUS RENEWABLE SOURCES, INCLUDING BIOMASS
|
|
|
|
Methanol from renewable sources
|
20
|
16
|
|
Ethanol from renewable sources
|
27
|
21
|
|
Propanol from renewable sources
|
31
|
25
|
|
Butanol from renewable sources
|
33
|
27
|
|
Fischer-Tropsch diesel (a synthetic hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons to be used for replacement of diesel)
|
44
|
34
|
|
Fischer-Tropsch petrol (a synthetic hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons produced from biomass, to be used for replacement of petrol)
|
44
|
33
|
|
Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel (a synthetic hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons produced from biomass, to be used for replacement of jet fuel)
|
44
|
33
|
|
Fischer-Tropsch liquefied petroleum gas (a synthetic hydrocarbon or mixture of synthetic hydrocarbons, to be used for replacement of liquefied petroleum gas
|
46
|
24
|
|
DME (dimethylether)
|
28
|
19
|
|
Hydrogen from renewable sources
|
120
|
—
|
|
ETBE (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of ethanol)
|
36 (of which 33 % from renewable sources)
|
27 (of which 33 % from renewable sources)
|
|
MTBE (methyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of methanol)
|
35 (of which 22 % from renewable sources)
|
26 (of which 22 % from renewable sources)
|
|
TAEE (tertiary-amyl-ethyl-ether produced on the basis of ethanol)
|
38 (of which 29 % from renewable sources)
|
29 (of which 29 % from renewable sources)
|
|
TAME (tertiary-amyl-methyl-ether produced on the basis of methanol)
|
36 (of which 18 % from renewable sources)
|
28 (of which 18 % from renewable sources)
|
|
THxEE (tertiary-hexyl-ethyl-ether produced on the basis of ethanol)
|
38 (of which 25 % from renewable sources)
|
30 (of which 25 % from renewable sources)
|
|
THxME (tertiary-hexyl-methyl-ether produced on the basis of methanol)
|
38 of which 14 % from renewable sources)
|
30 (of which 14 % from renewable sources)
|
|
NON-RENEWABLE FUELS
|
|
|
|
Petrol
|
43
|
32
|
|
Diesel
|
43
|
36
|
|
Jet fuel
|
43
|
34
|
|
Hydrogen from non-renewable sources
|
120
|
—
|