+Least Privilege
---+Prohibit Non-Privileged Users from Executing Privileged Functions
---+Authorize Access to Security Functions
---+Non-Privileged Access for Non-Security Functions
---+Auditing Use of Privileged Functions
---+Network Access to Privileged Commands
---+Privilege Levels for Code Execution
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Least Privilege
Description
Mechanisms exist to utilize the concept of least privilege, allowing only authorized access to processes necessary to accomplish assigned tasks in accordance with organizational business functions.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to utilize the concept of least privilege, allowing only authorized access to processes necessary to accomplish assigned tasks in accordance with organizational business functions.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
1. Översikt
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Standard |
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Prohibit Non-Privileged Users from Executing Privileged Functions
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Description
Mechanisms exist to prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing or altering implemented security safeguards / countermeasures.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Identification & Authentication (IAC) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with IAC domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ IAM controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards) to manage accounts and permissions.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel identify and implement IAM cybersecurity and data protection controls that are appropriate to address applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to prevent non-privileged users from executing privileged functions to include disabling, circumventing or altering implemented security safeguards / countermeasures.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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Authorize Access to Security Functions
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Description
Mechanisms exist to limit access to security functions to explicitly-authorized privileged users.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
∙ Privileged Account Management (PAM)
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Identification & Authentication (IAC) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with IAC domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ IAM controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards) to manage accounts and permissions.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel identify and implement IAM cybersecurity and data protection controls that are appropriate to address applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to limit access to security functions to explicitly-authorized privileged users.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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Non-Privileged Access for Non-Security Functions
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Description
Mechanisms exist to prohibit privileged users from using privileged accounts, while performing non-security functions.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Use standard (non-admin) accounts for daily work
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Policy requiring non-privileged accounts for non-security functions
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Formal least-privilege access policy
∙ Standard accounts for daily activities
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Enterprise least-privilege enforcement
∙ Automated detection of privilege misuse
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise least-privilege access management
∙ UEBA for privilege misuse detection
∙ Just-in-time privilege elevation
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to prohibit privileged users from using privileged accounts, while performing non-security functions.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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Auditing Use of Privileged Functions
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Description
Mechanisms exist to audit the execution of privileged functions.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Log and review privileged function usage periodically
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Audit logging of privileged function use
∙ Periodic review of privilege activity logs
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Formal privileged function audit logging policy
∙ Regular audit log review
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Enterprise SIEM with privileged activity monitoring
∙ Automated alerting for anomalous privileged use
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise SIEM/PAM with continuous privileged function auditing (e.g., CyberArk, Splunk)
∙ Automated anomaly detection
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Identification & Authentication (IAC) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with IAC domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ IAM controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards) to manage accounts and permissions.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel identify and implement IAM cybersecurity and data protection controls that are appropriate to address applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
▪ IAM revokes user access rights following changes in personnel roles and duties, if no longer necessary or permitted.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to audit the execution of privileged functions.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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Network Access to Privileged Commands
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Description
Mechanisms exist to authorize remote access to perform privileged commands on critical Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) or where sensitive and/or regulated data is stored, transmitted and/or processed only for compelling operational needs.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Restrict network access for privileged commands to admin network
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Policy restricting privileged command execution over network to authorized paths
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Formal privileged network access policy
∙ Dedicated admin network or jump server
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Enterprise jump server/bastion host for privileged network access
∙ PAM integration
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise privileged remote access platform (e.g., BeyondTrust, CyberArk)
∙ Just-in-time privileged network access
∙ Session recording
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to authorize remote access to perform privileged commands on critical Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) or where sensitive/regulated data is stored, transmitted and/or processed only for compelling operational needs.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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Privilege Levels for Code Execution
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Description
Automated mechanisms exist to prevent applications from executing at higher privilege levels than the user's privileges.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
Identification & Authentication (IAC) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with IAC domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ IAM controls are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards) to manage accounts and permissions.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel identify and implement IAM cybersecurity and data protection controls that are appropriate to address applicable statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to automatically prevent applications from executing at higher privilege levels than the user's privileges.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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1.1 Referenser
1.2 Identifierade krav
1.3 Relaterade regleringar
2. Identifierade krav
3. Relaterade regleringar
Regleringar
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Reglering |
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EULAW
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Artikel 21 Åtkomstkontroll
Artikel 21
Som en del av sin kontroll av rättigheter till åtkomsthantering ska finansiella entiteter utarbeta, dokumentera och genomföra en policy som innehåller allt av följande:
a)
Tilldelning av åtkomsträttigheter till IKT-tillgångar baserat på principerna om behovsenlig behörighet, behovsenlig användning och minsta möjliga behörighet, inklusive för fjärråtkomst och nödåtkomst.
b)
Åtskillnad av arbetsuppgifter för att förhindra omotiverad åtkomst till kritiska uppgifter eller för att förhindra tilldelning av kombinationer av åtkomsträttigheter som kan användas för att kringgå kontroller.
c)
En bestämmelse om användares ansvarsskyldighet, genom att i möjligaste mån begränsa användningen av generiska och delade användarkonton och säkerställa att användarna alltid kan identifieras när åtgärder utförs i IKT-systemen.
d)
En bestämmelse om begränsningar av åtkomst till IKT-tillgångar, med angivande av kontroller och verktyg för att förhindra obehörig åtkomst.
e)
Förfaranden för kontohantering för att bevilja, ändra eller återkalla åtkomsträttigheter för användarkonton och generiska konton, även generiska administratörskonton, inklusive bestämmelser om
i)
tilldelning av roller och ansvarsområden för att bevilja, granska och återkalla åtkomsträttigheter,
ii)
tilldelning av privilegierad åtkomst, nödåtkomst och administratörsåtkomst efter behov eller från fall till fall och för samtliga IKT-system,
iii)
återkallande av åtkomsträttigheter utan onödigt dröjsmål när anställningen upphör eller när åtkomsten inte längre är nödvändig,
iv)
uppdatering av åtkomsträttigheter när ändringar krävs och minst en gång per år för samtliga IKT-system, utom för IKT-system som stöder kritiska eller viktiga funktioner där uppdateringen ska ske minst var sjätte månad.
f)
Autentiseringsmetoder, inklusive
i)
användning av autentiseringsmetoder som står i proportion till den klassificering som fastställts i enlighet med artikel 8.1 i förordning (EU) 2022/2554 och till IKT-tillgångarnas allmänna riskprofil och med beaktande av ledande praxis,
ii)
användning av robusta metoder för autentisering i enlighet med ledande praxis och teknik för fjärråtkomst till den finansiella entitetens nätverk, för privilegierad åtkomst och för åtkomst till IKT-tillgångar som stöder kritiska eller viktiga funktioner eller IKT-tillgångar som är allmänt tillgängliga.
g)
Åtgärder för fysisk åtkomstkontroll, inklusive
i)
identifiering och loggning av fysiska personer som är behöriga att få tillträde till lokaler, datacentraler och känsliga angivna områden som identifierats av den finansiella entiteten där IKT-tillgångar och informationstillgångar finns,
ii)
beviljande av fysiska åtkomsträttigheter till kritiska IKT-tillgångar endast för behöriga personer, i enlighet med principerna om behovsenlig behörighet och minsta möjliga behörighet, och från fall till fall,
iii)
övervakning av fysiskt tillträde till lokaler, datacentraler och känsliga angivna områden som identifierats av den finansiella entiteten där IKT-tillgångar och informationstillgångar eller bådadera finns,
iv)
granskning av fysiska åtkomsträttigheter för att säkerställa att onödiga åtkomsträttigheter omedelbart återkallas.
Vid tillämpning av led e i ska finansiella entiteter fastställa lagringstiden med beaktande av verksamhets- och informationssäkerhetsmålen, skälen till att händelsen registreras i loggarna och resultaten av IKT-riskbedömningen.
Vid tillämpning av led e ii ska finansiella entiteter, när så är möjligt, använda särskilda konton för att utföra administrativa uppgifter på IKT-system. När så är möjligt och lämpligt ska finansiella entiteter införa automatiserade lösningar för hantering av privilegierad åtkomst.
Vid tillämpning av led g i ska identifieringen och loggningen stå i proportion till hur viktiga lokalerna, datacentralerna och de känsliga angivna områdena är och hur kritiska de verksamheter eller IKT-system som finns där är.
Vid tillämpning av led g iii ska övervakningen stå i proportion till den klassificering som fastställts i enlighet med artikel 8.1 i förordning (EU) 2022/2554 och hur kritiskt det område är till vilket åtkomst ges.
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EULAW
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Artikel 33 Åtkomstkontroll
Artikel 33
De finansiella entiteter som avses i artikel 16.1 i förordning (EU) 2022/2554 ska utarbeta, dokumentera och genomföra förfaranden för kontroll av logisk och fysisk åtkomst och ska kontrollera efterlevnaden av, övervaka och regelbundet se över dessa förfaranden. Dessa förfaranden ska innehålla följande delar av kontrollen av logisk och fysisk åtkomst:
a)
Åtkomsträttigheter till informationstillgångar, IKT-tillgångar och de funktioner som stöds av dem, samt till kritiska platser för den finansiella entitetens verksamhet, som ska hanteras enligt principerna om behovsenlig behörighet, behovsenlig användning och minsta möjliga behörighet, inklusive för fjärråtkomst och nödåtkomst.
b)
Användaransvar, vilket säkerställer att användare kan identifieras när åtgärder utförs i IKT-systemen.
c)
Förfaranden för kontohantering för att bevilja, ändra eller återkalla åtkomsträttigheter för användarkonton och generiska konton, även generiska administratörskonton.
d)
Autentiseringsmetoder som står i proportion till den klassificering som avses i artikel 30.1 och till IKT-tillgångarnas allmänna riskprofil, och som bygger på ledande praxis.
e)
Regelbunden översyn av åtkomsträttigheter och återkallande av dem när de inte längre behövs.
Vid tillämpning av led c ska den finansiella entiteten tilldela privilegierad åtkomst, nödåtkomst och administratörsåtkomst efter behov eller från fall till fall och för samtliga IKT-system, och åtkomsten ska loggas i enlighet med artikel 34 första stycket f.
Vid tillämpning av led d ska finansiella entiteter använda robusta metoder för autentisering som bygger på ledande praxis för fjärråtkomst till den finansiella entitetens nätverk, för privilegierad åtkomst och för åtkomst till IKT-tillgångar som stöder kritiska eller viktiga funktioner och som är allmänt tillgängliga.
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EULAW
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Artikel 9 Skydd och förebyggande
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EULAW
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Artikel 9 4
4. Som en del av den IKT-riskhanteringsram som avses i artikel 6.1 ska finansiella entiteter
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a)
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utarbeta och dokumentera riktlinjer för informationssäkerhet där det fastställs regler för att skydda tillgängligheten, äktheten, integriteten och konfidentialiteten hos data, informationstillgångar och IKT-tillgångar, inbegripet hos deras kunder, när så är tillämpligt,
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b)
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enligt en riskbaserad strategi upprätta en sund struktur för förvaltning av nätverk och infrastruktur med hjälp av lämpliga tekniker, metoder och protokoll, vilket kan inbegripa införande av automatiserade mekanismer för att isolera berörda informationstillgångar vid cyberangrepp,
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c)
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genomföra strategier för att begränsa den fysiska eller logiska åtkomsten till informationstillgångar och IKT-tillgångar till enbart det som krävs för legitima och godkända funktioner och verksamheter, och för detta ändamål fastställa en uppsättning strategier, förfaranden och kontroller för åtkomsträttigheter och säkerställa en sund förvaltning av dessa,
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d)
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genomföra strategier och protokoll för starka äkthetsmekanismer, baserade på relevanta standarder och särskilda kontrollsystem, samt skyddsåtgärder för kryptografiska nycklar där data krypteras baserat på resultat från godkända processer för klassificering och IKT-riskbedömning,
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e)
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genomföra dokumenterade strategier, förfaranden och kontroller för hantering av IKT-förändringar, inbegripet ändringar av programvara, maskinvara, fasta programvarukomponenter, system eller säkerhetsparametrar, som bygger på en riskbedömningsmetod och är en integrerad del av den finansiella entitetens övergripande förändringshanteringsprocess, för att säkerställa att alla ändringar av IKT-system registreras, testas, bedöms, godkänns, genomförs och verifieras på ett kontrollerat sätt,
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f)
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ha lämpliga och heltäckande dokumenterade strategier för programfixar och uppdateringar.
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Vid tillämpning av första stycket led b ska finansiella entiteter utforma infrastrukturen för nätanslutning på ett sätt som gör att den omedelbart kan avskiljas eller segmenteras i syfte att minimera och förhindra spridning, särskilt för sammanlänkade finansiella processer.
Vid tillämpning av första stycket led e ska processen för hantering av IKT-förändringar godkännas av lämpliga ledningsnivåer och ska ha särskilda protokoll på plats
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Länkade ärenden
- Secure Controls Framework -
"The SCF is the Common Controls Framework™ (CCF), the world's most comprehensive cybersecurity and data privacy metaframework - it is also free to use. The entire concept is building secure, compliant and resilient capabilities in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible.
The SCF is more than just a unified control catalog, since its included content creates a playbook for Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) capabilities. Used globally by organizations of every size, the SCF is a robust and scalable solution for security, compliance and resilience controls. As a comprehensive security framework, the SCF maps 1,400+ controls across 200+ laws, regulations, and industry frameworks so you can implement once and comply everywhere.
Like it or not, cybersecurity is a protracted war on an asymmetric battlefield, where the threats are everywhere and as defenders we have to make the effort to work together to help improve cybersecurity and data privacy practices, since we all suffer when massive data breaches occur or when cyber attacks have physical impacts. Hackers share information on attack methods with other hackers, so why shouldn’t the good guys share information on how to best protect an organization? We decided to take action and make a difference, since we feel it is too important to wait for someone else to fix the problems that exist.
The SCF is made up of volunteers, mainly specialists within the cybersecurity profession, who focus on GRC and the cybersecurity side of data privacy. These are auditors, engineers, architects, incident responders, consultants and other specialists who live and breathe these topics on a daily basis. The end product is "expert-derived content" that makes up the SCF." https://securecontrolsframework.com/
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