+ANNEX V

ANNEX V



ANNEX V

OPTIONAL INDICATORS FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION IMPACTS REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 9

(a) 

for freshwater ecosystems: establishing the extent of biological damage, including sensitive receptors (microphytes, macrophytes and diatoms), and loss of fish stock or invertebrates:

the key indicator acid neutralising capacity (ANC) and the supporting indicators acidity (pH), dissolved sulphate (SO4), nitrate (NO3) and dissolved organic carbon:
frequency of sampling: from yearly (in lake autumn turnover) to monthly (streams).
(b) 

for terrestrial ecosystems: assessing the soil acidity, soil nutrients loss, nitrogen status and balance as well as biodiversity loss:

(i) 

the key indicator soil acidity: exchangeable fractions of base cations (base saturation) and exchangeable aluminium in soils:

frequency of sampling: every 10 years;
supporting indicators: pH, sulphate, nitrate, base cations, aluminium concentrations in soil solution:
frequency of sampling: every year (where relevant);
(ii) 

the key indicator soil nitrate leaching (NO3,leach):

frequency of sampling: every year;

(iii) 

the key indicator carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) and the supporting indicator of total nitrogen in soil (Ntot):

frequency of sampling: every 10 years;

(iv) 

the key indicator nutrient balance in foliage (N/P,N/K, N/Mg):

frequency of sampling: every four years.

(c) 

for terrestrial ecosystems: assessing ozone damage to vegetation growth and biodiversity:

(i) 

the key indicator vegetation growth and foliar damage and the supporting indicator carbon flux (Cflux):

frequency of sampling: every year;

(ii) 

the key indicator exceedance of flux-based critical levels:

frequency of sampling: every year during the growing season.

1. Panoramica

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1.1 Riferimenti

1.2 Requisiti identificati

1.3 Standard correlati

2. Requisiti identificati

Requisiti

3. Standard correlati

Standard