Article 5 Requirements and tests

tailpipe emissions, including test cycles, the use of portable emissions measurement systems for verifying the actual in-use emissions, verifying and limiting off-cycle emissions, the setting of limits for particle numbers while retaining the existing ambitious environmental requirements, and emissions at idling speed;

crankcase emissions;

OBD systems and in-service performance of pollution control devices;

durability of pollution control devices, replacement pollution control devices, conformity of in-service engines and vehicles, conformity of production and roadworthiness;

CO2 emissions and fuel consumption;

granting extension of type-approvals;

test equipment;

reference fuels such as petrol, diesel, gaseous fuels and biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel and biogas;

measurement of engine power;

correct functioning and regeneration of pollution control devices;

specific provisions to ensure the correct operation of NOx control measures; such provisions shall ensure that vehicles cannot be operated if the NOx control measures are inoperative due, for example, to lack of any required reagent, incorrect exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow or deactivation of EGR.