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+ANNEX X POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY IN HEATING AND COOLING |
ANNEX X POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY IN HEATING AND COOLING
ANNEX X POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY IN HEATING AND COOLING The comprehensive assessment of national heating and cooling potentials referred to in Article 25(1) shall include and shall be based on the following: Part I OVERVIEW OF HEATING AND COOLING 1. heating and cooling demand in terms of assessed useful energy ( 20 ) and quantified final energy consumption in GWh per year ( 21 ) by sector:
(a)
residential;
(b)
services;
(c)
industry;
(d)
any other sector that individually consumes more than 5 % of total national useful heating and cooling demand; 2. the identification, or, in the case of point (a)(i), the identification or estimation, of current heating and cooling supply:
(a)
by technology, in GWh per year ( 22 ), within the sectors referred to in point 1 where possible, distinguishing between energy derived from fossil and renewable sources:
(i)
provided on-site in residential and service sites by:
—
heat only boilers;
—
high-efficiency heat and power cogeneration;
—
heat pumps;
—
other on-site technologies and sources;
(ii)
provided on-site in non-service and non-residential sites by:
—
heat only boilers;
—
high-efficiency heat and power cogeneration;
—
heat pumps;
—
other on-site technologies and sources;
(iii)
provided off-site by:
—
high-efficiency heat and power cogeneration;
—
waste heat;
—
other off-site technologies and sources;
(b)
the identification of installations that generate waste heat or cold and their potential heating or cooling supply, in GWh per year:
(i)
thermal power generation installations that can supply or can be retrofitted to supply waste heat with a total thermal input exceeding 50 MW;
(ii)
heat and power cogeneration installations using technologies referred to in Part II of Annex II with a total thermal input exceeding 20 MW;
(iii)
waste incineration plants;
(iv)
renewable energy installations with a total thermal input exceeding 20 MW other than the installations specified under points (i) and (ii) generating heating or cooling using the energy from renewable sources;
(v)
industrial installations with a total thermal input exceeding 20 MW which can provide waste heat;
(c)
reported share of energy from renewable sources and from waste heat or cold in the final energy consumption of the district heating and cooling ( 23 ) sector over the past 5 years, in accordance with Directive (EU) 2018/2001; 3. aggregated data on cogeneration units in existing district heating and cooling networks in five capacity ranges covering:
(a)
primary energy consumption;
(b)
overall efficiency;
(c)
primary energy savings;
(d)
CO2 emission factors; 4. aggregated data on existing district heating and cooling networks supplied from cogeneration in five capacity ranges covering:
(a)
overall primary energy consumption;
(b)
primary energy consumption of cogeneration units;
(c)
share of cogeneration in district heating or cooling supply;
(d)
district heating system losses;
(e)
district cooling system losses;
(f)
connection density;
(g)
shares of systems per different operating temperature groups; 5. a map covering the entire national territory, which, while preserving commercially sensitive information, identifies:
(a)
heating and cooling demand areas following from the analysis of point 1, while using consistent criteria for focusing on energy dense areas in municipalities and conurbations;
(b)
existing heating and cooling supply points identified under point 2(b) and district heating transmission installations;
(c)
planned heating and cooling supply points of the type described under point 2(b) and identified new areas for the district heating and cooling; 6. a forecast of trends in the demand for heating and cooling to maintain a perspective of the next 30 years in GWh and taking into account, in particular, projections for the next 10 years, the change in demand in buildings and different sectors of the industry, and the impact of policies and strategies related to the demand management, such as long-term building renovation strategies under Directive (EU) 2018/844 of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 24 ); Part II OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND POLICY MEASURES 7. planned contribution of the Member State to its national objectives, targets and contributions for the five dimensions of the Energy Union, as laid out in Article 3(2), point (b), of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, delivered through efficiency in heating and cooling, in particular related to Article 4, point (b), points 1 to 4 and to Article 15 (4), point (b) of that Regulation, identifying which of those elements is additional compared to the integrated national energy and climate plan notified pursuant to Article 3 and Articles 7 to 12 of that Regulation; 8. a general overview of the existing policies and measures as described in the most recent report submitted in accordance with Articles 3, 20 and 21 and Article 27(a) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999; Part III ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC POTENTIAL FOR EFFICIENCY IN HEATING AND COOLING 9. an analysis of the economic potential ( 25 ) of different technologies for heating and cooling shall be carried out for the entire national territory by using the cost-benefit analysis referred to in Article 25(3) and shall identify alternative scenarios for more efficient and renewable heating and cooling technologies, distinguishing between energy derived from fossil and renewable sources where applicable. The following technologies should be considered:
(a)
industrial waste heat and cold;
(b)
waste incineration;
(c)
high efficiency cogeneration;
(d)
renewable energy sources, such as geothermal, solar thermal and biomass, other than those used for high efficiency cogeneration;
(e)
heat pumps;
(f)
reducing heat and cold losses from existing district networks;
(g)
district heating and cooling; 10. the analysis of economic potential shall include the following steps and considerations:
(a)
Considerations:
(i)
the cost-benefit analysis for the purposes of Article 25(3) shall include an economic analysis that takes into consideration socioeconomic and environmental factors ( 26 ), and a financial analysis performed to assess projects from the investors’ point of view, both economic and financial analyses using the net present value as a criterion for the assessment;
(ii)
the baseline scenario should serve as a reference point and take into account existing policies at the time of compiling this comprehensive assessment ( 27 ), and be linked to data collected under Part I and Part II, point 6 of this Annex;
(iii)
alternative scenarios to the baseline shall take into account energy efficiency and the renewable energy objectives of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999, each scenario presenting the following elements compared to the baseline scenario:
—
economic potential of technologies examined using the net present value as criterion;
—
GHG emission reductions;
—
primary energy savings in GWh per year;
—
impact on the share of renewables in the national energy mix.
Scenarios that are not feasible due to technical reasons, financial reasons or national regulation may be excluded at an early stage of the cost-benefit analysis, if justified on the basis of careful, explicit and well-documented considerations. The assessment and decision-making should take into account costs and energy savings from the increased flexibility in energy supply and from a more optimal operation of the electricity networks, including avoided costs and savings from reduced infrastructure investment, in the analysed scenarios.
(b)
Costs and benefits The costs and benefits referred to in point (a) shall include at least the following costs and benefits:
(i)
costs:
—
capital costs of plants and equipment;
—
capital costs of the associated energy networks;
—
variable and fixed operating costs;
—
energy costs;
—
environmental, health and safety costs, to the extent possible;
—
labour market costs, energy security and competitiveness, to the extent possible.
(ii)
benefits:
—
value of output to the consumer (heating, cooling and electricity);
—
external benefits such as environmental, greenhouse gas emissions and health and safety benefits, to the extent possible;
—
labour market effects, energy security and competitiveness, to the extent possible.
(c)
Relevant scenarios to the baseline: All relevant scenarios to the baseline shall be considered, including the role of efficient individual heating and cooling. The cost-benefit analysis may cover either a project assessment or a group of projects for a broader local, regional or national assessment in order to establish the most cost-effective and beneficial heating or cooling solution against a baseline for a given geographical area for the purpose of planning.
(d)
Boundaries and integrated approach:
(i)
the geographical boundary shall cover a suitable, well-defined geographical area;
(ii)
the cost-benefit analyses shall take into account all relevant centralised or decentralised supply resources available within the system and geographical boundary, including technologies considered under Part III, point 9, of this Annex, and heating and cooling demand trends and characteristics.
(e)
Assumptions:
(i)
Member States shall provide assumptions, for the purpose of the cost-benefit analyses, on the prices of major input and output factors and the discount rate;
(ii)
the discount rate used in the economic analysis to calculate net present value shall be chosen according to European or national guidelines;
(iii)
Member States shall use national, European or international energy price development forecasts, if appropriate, in their national, regional or local context;
(iv)
the prices used in the economic analysis shall reflect socio-economic costs and benefits. External costs, such as environmental and health effects, should be included to the extent possible, namely when a market price exists or when it is already included in European or national regulation.
(f)
Sensitivity analysis: a sensitivity analysis shall be included to assess the costs and benefits of a project or group of projects and be based on variable factors having a significant impact on the outcome of the calculations, such as different energy prices, levels of demand, discount rates and other. Part IV POTENTIAL NEW STRATEGIES AND POLICY MEASURES 11. an overview of new legislative and non-legislative policy measures ( 28 ) to realise the economic potential identified in accordance with points 9 and 10, together with a forecast of:
(a)
greenhouse gas emission reductions;
(b)
primary energy savings in GWh per year;
(c)
impact on the share of high-efficiency cogeneration;
(d)
impact on the share of renewables in the national energy mix and in the heating and cooling sector;
(e)
links to national financial programming and cost savings for the public budget and market participants;
(f)
estimated public support measures, if any, with their annual budget and identification of the potential aid element. 1. Resumen
1.1 Referencias1.2 Requisitos identificados1.3 Estándares relacionados2. Requisitos identificados
3. Estándares relacionados
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