+SECTION 4 Electronic signatures
---+Article 25 Legal effects of electronic signatures
------+Article 25 1.
------+Article 25 2.
---+Article 26 Requirements for advanced electronic signatures
---+Article 27 Electronic signatures in public services
------+Article 27 1.
------+Article 27 2.
------+Article 27 3.
------+Article 27 5.
---+Article 28 Qualified certificates for electronic signatures
------+Article 28 1.
------+Article 28 2.
------+Article 28 3.
------+Article 28 4.
------+Article 28 5.
------+Article 28 6.
---+Article 29 Requirements for qualified electronic signature creation devices
------+Article 29 1.
------+Article 29 1a.
------+Article 29 2.
---+Article 29a Requirements for a qualified service for the management of remote qualified electronic signature creation devices
------+Article 29a 1.
------+Article 29a 2.
---+Article 30 Certification of qualified electronic signature creation devices
------+Article 30 1.
------+Article 30 2.
------+Article 30 3.
------+Article 30 3a
------+Article 30 4.
---+Article 31 Publication of a list of certified qualified electronic signature creation devices
------+Article 31 1.
------+Article 31 2.
------+Article 31 3.
---+Article 32 Requirements for the validation of qualified electronic signatures
------+Article 32 1.
------+Article 32 2.
------+Article 32 3.
---+Article 32a Requirements for the validation of advanced electronic signatures based on qualified certificates
------+Article 32a 1.
------+Article 32a 2.
------+Article 32a 3.
---+Article 33 Qualified validation service for qualified electronic signatures
------+Article 33 1.
------+Article 33 2.
---+Article 34 Qualified preservation service for qualified electronic signatures
------+Article 34 1.
------+Article 34 1a.
------+Article 34 2.

SECTION 4 Electronic signatures

SECTION 4 Electronic signatures

1. Vue d’ensemble

,
Article 25 Legal effects of electronic signatures
Article 26 Requirements for advanced electronic signatures

Article 26

Requirements for advanced electronic signatures

►M2   ◄

An advanced electronic signature shall meet the following requirements:

(a) 

it is uniquely linked to the signatory;

(b) 

it is capable of identifying the signatory;

(c) 

it is created using electronic signature creation data that the signatory can, with a high level of confidence, use under his sole control; and

(d) 

it is linked to the data signed therewith in such a way that any subsequent change in the data is detectable.

▼M2

2.  
By 21 May 2026, the Commission shall assess whether it is necessary to adopt implementing acts to establish a list of reference standards and, where necessary, establish specifications and procedures for advanced electronic signatures. On the basis of that assessment, the Commission may adopt such implementing acts. Compliance with the requirements for advanced electronic signatures shall be presumed where an advanced electronic signature complies with the standards, specifications and procedures. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 48(2).

▼B

Article 27 Electronic signatures in public services
Article 28 Qualified certificates for electronic signatures
Article 29 Requirements for qualified electronic signature creation devices
Article 29a Requirements for a qualified service for the management of remote qualified electronic signature creation devices
Article 30 Certification of qualified electronic signature creation devices
Article 31 Publication of a list of certified qualified electronic signature creation devices
Article 32 Requirements for the validation of qualified electronic signatures
Article 32a Requirements for the validation of advanced electronic signatures based on qualified certificates
Article 33 Qualified validation service for qualified electronic signatures
Article 34 Qualified preservation service for qualified electronic signatures

1.1 Références

1.2 Exigences identifiées

1.3 Normes associées

2. Exigences identifiées

Exigences

3. Normes associées

Normes