+Emergency Accounts
---+Removal of Temporary / Emergency Accounts
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Emergency Accounts
Description
Mechanisms exist to establish and control "emergency access only" accounts.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Maintain emergency break-glass account with controlled access
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Emergency account policy
∙ Secure storage of break-glass credentials
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Formal emergency account procedure
∙ Secure credential storage
∙ Usage logging
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Enterprise emergency account management
∙ PAM-vaulted break-glass credentials
∙ Audit trail for emergency access
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise PAM with emergency access workflow (e.g., CyberArk)
∙ Break-glass procedure
∙ Dual control for emergency credential release
∙ Automated alerting on emergency account use
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to establish and control "emergency access only" accounts.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 4 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a quantitatively-controlled process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ While it may be possible to develop “metrics-driven” capabilities for this control, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
1. Przegląd
| Tytuł |
Norma |
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Removal of Temporary / Emergency Accounts
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Description
Automated mechanisms exist to disable or remove temporary and emergency accounts after an organization-defined time period for each type of account.
Possible Solutions & Considerations
Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2
∙ Remove temporary/emergency accounts when no longer needed
Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4
∙ Policy requiring prompt removal of temporary/emergency accounts
Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6
∙ Formal temporary account lifecycle policy
∙ Automated expiry for temporary accounts
Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8
∙ Enterprise IAM with automated temporary account expiration
Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9
∙ Enterprise IGA platform with automated temporary account lifecycle management
∙ Just-in-time access provisioning
SCR-CMM
Level 0 Not Performed
Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.
Level 1 Performed Informally
SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.
Level 2 Planned Tracked
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Identity & Access Management (IAM)-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines) to enforce Logical Access Control (LAC).
▪ IAM may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel to implement Role Based Access Control (RBAC) practices for the management of user, group and system accounts, including privileged accounts.
▪ A directory services technology is used to centrally manage identities and permissions with RBAC. Due to technical or business limitations, asset/process owners are empowered to operate a decentralized access control program for their specific Technology Assets, Applications and/or Services (TAAS) that cannot be integrated into directory services.
▪ Configuration management and IAM functions collaborate to ensure Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC) enforce “least privileges” on TAAS.
Level 3 Well Defined
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with IAC domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with IAC domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ An Identity & Access Management (IAM) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain IAC domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of IAM operations (e.g., directory services, Authenticate, Authorize and Audit (AAA) solution).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with IAC domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to automatically disable or remove temporary and emergency accounts after an organization-defined time period for each type of account.
Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled
Identification & Authentication (IAC) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.
Level 5 Continuously Improving
Utilize SCR-CMM Level 3 or Level 4 (if available) criteria definitions:
▪ There are no defined Level 5 criteria, since it is reasonable to assume a continuously-improving process is not necessary to operationalize this control.
▪ Level 5 capabilities should be considered “world-class” where the control builds on Level 4 capabilities, but are continuously improving through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and/or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
▪ While it may be possible to develop responsive capabilities for this control through the use of AI and/or ML technologies, the criteria would be organization-specific to define.
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1.1 Odwołania
1.2 Zidentyfikowane wymagania
1.3 Powiązane regulacje
2. Zidentyfikowane wymagania
Wymagania
| Źródło |
Wymaganie |
3. Powiązane regulacje
Regulacje
| Źródło |
Regulacja |
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EULAW
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Artykuł 21 Kontrola dostępu
Artykuł 21
W ramach przeprowadzanej przez siebie kontroli praw zarządzania dostępem podmioty finansowe opracowują, dokumentują i wdrażają politykę obejmującą wszystkie poniższe elementy:
a)
przyznawanie praw dostępu do zasobów ICT zgodnie z zasadami wiedzy koniecznej, potrzeby koniecznej i minimalizacji uprawnień, w tym również w kontekście dostępu zdalnego i dostępu awaryjnego;
b)
podział obowiązków w taki sposób, aby zapobiegać nieuprawnionemu dostępowi do danych krytycznych lub przeciwdziałać przyznawaniu praw dostępu, których połączenie może umożliwiać obchodzenie kontroli;
c)
uregulowanie kwestii rozliczalności użytkowników poprzez jak największe ograniczenie możliwości korzystania z generycznych i współdzielonych kont użytkownika oraz umożliwienie każdorazowego przyporządkowania działań podejmowanych w systemach ICT do konkretnych użytkowników;
d)
uregulowanie kwestii ograniczeń dostępu do zasobów ICT oraz ustanowienie kontroli i narzędzi służących zapobieganiu nieuprawnionemu dostępowi;
e)
procedury zarządzania kontem umożliwiające udzielanie, zmianę lub cofanie praw dostępu do kont użytkownika i kont generycznych, uwzględniając generyczne konta administratora, a także regulujące wszystkie poniższe kwestie:
(i)
podział ról i obowiązków w zakresie przyznawania, przeglądu i cofania praw dostępu;
(ii)
udzielanie dostępu uprzywilejowanego, dostępu awaryjnego i dostępu administratora do wszystkich systemów ICT na zasadzie potrzeby koniecznej lub na zasadzie ad hoc;
(iii)
niezwłoczne cofanie praw dostępu po rozwiązaniu stosunku pracy lub po ustaniu okoliczności uzasadniających przyznanie dostępu;
(iv)
aktualizowanie praw dostępu w przypadku konieczności wprowadzenia zmian i przynajmniej raz do roku w odniesieniu do wszystkich systemów ICT niebędących systemami ICT obsługującymi krytyczne lub istotne funkcje, a w odniesieniu do systemów ICT wspierających krytyczne lub istotne funkcje – przynajmniej raz na 6 miesięcy;
f)
metody uwierzytelniania, w tym wszystkie poniższe elementy:
(i)
stosowanie metod uwierzytelniania współmiernych do klasyfikacji ustanowionej zgodnie z art. 8 ust. 1 rozporządzenia (UE) 2022/2554 i do ogólnego profilu ryzyka zasobów ICT, przy należytym uwzględnieniu wiodących praktyk branżowych;
(ii)
stosowanie solidnych metod uwierzytelniania zgodnie z wiodącymi praktykami i technikami branżowymi w zakresie zdalnego dostępu do sieci podmiotu finansowego, dostępu uprzywilejowanego, a także dostępu do zasobów ICT wspierających krytyczne lub istotne funkcje bądź publicznie dostępnych zasobów ICT;
g)
środki kontroli dostępu fizycznego, w tym:
(i)
identyfikowanie i rejestrowanie osób fizycznych uprawnionych do uzyskania dostępu do wskazanych przez podmiot finansowy obiektów, ośrodków przetwarzania danych i wyznaczonych obszarów wrażliwych, gdzie znajdują się zasoby ICT i zasoby informacyjne;
(ii)
przyznawanie praw dostępu fizycznego do krytycznych zasobów ICT wyłącznie upoważnionym osobom, zgodnie z zasadami wiedzy koniecznej i minimalizacji uprawnień i na zasadzie ad hoc;
(iii)
monitorowanie dostępu fizycznego do wskazanych przez podmiot finansowy obiektów, ośrodków przetwarzania danych i wyznaczonych obszarów wrażliwych, gdzie znajdują się zasoby ICT albo zasoby informacyjne, bądź zarówno zasoby ICT, jak i zasoby informacyjne;
(iv)
dokonywanie przeglądu praw dostępu fizycznego, aby zapewnić niezwłoczne cofanie zbędnych praw dostępu.
Do celów lit. e) pkt (i) podmioty finansowe określają okres zatrzymywania, uwzględniając cele biznesowe i cele w zakresie bezpieczeństwa informacji, powody zarejestrowania zdarzenia w rejestrach oraz wyniki oceny ryzyka związanego z ICT.
Do celów lit. e) pkt (ii) podmioty finansowe korzystają w miarę możliwości ze specjalnych kont do wykonywania zadań administracyjnych w ramach systemów ICT. W miarę możliwości i w stosownych przypadkach podmioty finansowe wprowadzają zautomatyzowane rozwiązania na potrzeby procesu zarządzania dostępem uprzywilejowanym.
Do celów lit. g) pkt (i) działania w zakresie identyfikowania i rejestrowania muszą być współmierne do znaczenia obiektów, ośrodków przetwarzania danych i wyznaczonych obszarów wrażliwych oraz do krytyczności prowadzonych w nich operacji lub znajdujących się w nich systemów ICT.
Do celów lit. g) pkt (iii) monitorowanie musi być współmierne do klasyfikacji ustanowionej zgodnie z art. 8 ust. 1 rozporządzenia (UE) 2022/2554 i krytyczności obszaru, do którego uzyskuje się dostęp.
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