30. For other environmental risks (beyond climate), the additional following factors should be …

For other environmental risks (beyond climate), the additional following factors should be considered:

a. environmental policy and regulation, i.e. the level of ambition and enforcement of environmental protection policies, such as biodiversity conservation, water and air quality regulation, circular economy mandates, restrictions on harmful chemicals, and deforestation bans. This includes regional frameworks like the EU Nature Restoration Law or the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030;
b. ecosystem condition, i.e. the status and trends in biodiversity, ecosystem degradation, soil fertility, freshwater availability, and pollution levels. These factors define the baseline environmental stress and influence the materialisation of risks such as resource scarcity, species collapse, or water crisis;
c. land and resource use patterns, i.e. the extent and intensity of land use (urban expansion, agriculture, mining), and patterns of raw material extraction or water usage. Unsustainable use can amplify environmental degradation and trigger social or economic tipping points;
d. supply chain dependencies on ecosystems, i.e. the degree to which sectors or regions rely on ecosystem services such as pollination, water filtration, or raw material availability. Disruption of these services can lead to sectoral losses, for instance in agriculture, forestry, fishing, food, or textiles.

1. Overview

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Requirements
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Standards
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