+Artigo 49.o Derrogações para situações específicas
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Artigo 49.o Derrogações para situações específicas

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1. Visão geral

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Artigo 49.o 1.

Na falta de uma decisão de adequação nos termos do artigo 45.o, n.o 3, ou de garantias adequadas nos termos do artigo 46.o, designadamente de regras vinculativas aplicáveis às empresas, as transferências ou conjunto de transferências de dados pessoais para países terceiros ou organizações internacionais só são efetuadas caso se verifique uma das seguintes condições:

a) 

O titular dos dados tiver explicitamente dado o seu consentimento à transferência prevista, após ter sido informado dos possíveis riscos de tais transferências para si próprio devido à falta de uma decisão de adequação e das garantias adequadas;

b) 

A transferência for necessária para a execução de um contrato entre o titular dos dados e o responsável pelo tratamento ou de diligências prévias à formação do contrato decididas a pedido do titular dos dados;

c) 

A transferência for necessária para a celebração ou execução de um contrato, celebrado no interesse do titular dos dados, entre o responsável pelo seu tratamento e outra pessoa singular ou coletiva;

d) 

A transferência for necessária por importantes razões de interesse público;

e) 

A transferência for necessária à declaração, ao exercício ou à defesa de um direito num processo judicial;

f) 

A transferência for necessária para proteger interesses vitais do titular dos dados ou de outras pessoas, se esse titular estiver física ou legalmente incapaz de dar o seu consentimento;

g) 

A transferência for realizada a partir de um registo que, nos termos do direito da União ou do Estado-Membro, se destine a informar o público e se encontre aberto à consulta do público em geral ou de qualquer pessoa que possa provar nela ter um interesse legítimo, mas apenas na medida em que as condições de consulta estabelecidas no direito da União ou de um Estado-Membro se encontrem preenchidas nesse caso concreto.

Quando uma transferência não puder basear-se no disposto no artigo 45.o ou 46.o, incluindo nas regras vinculativas aplicáveis às empresas, e não for aplicável nenhuma das derrogações previstas para as situações específicas a que se refere o primeiro parágrafo do presente número, a transferência para um país terceiro ou uma organização internacional só pode ser efetuada se não for repetitiva, apenas disser respeito a um número limitado de titulares dos dados, for necessária para efeitos dos interesses legítimos visados pelo responsável pelo seu tratamento, desde que a tais interesses não se sobreponham os interesses ou os direitos e liberdades do titular dos dados, e o responsável pelo tratamento tiver ponderado todas as circunstâncias relativas à transferência de dados e, com base nessa avaliação, tiver apresentado garantias adequadas no que respeita à proteção de dados pessoais. O responsável pelo tratamento informa da transferência a autoridade de controlo. Para além de fornecer a informação referida nos artigos 13.o e 14.o, o responsável pelo tratamento presta informações ao titular dos dados sobre a transferência e os interesses legítimos visados.
Artigo 49.o 2.
As transferências efetuadas nos termos do n.o 1, primeiro parágrafo, alínea g), não envolvem a totalidade dos dados pessoais nem categorias completas de dados pessoais constantes do registo. Quando o registo se destinar a ser consultado por pessoas com um interesse legítimo, as transferências só podem ser efetuadas a pedido dessas pessoas ou se forem elas os seus destinatários.
Artigo 49.o 3.
O n.o 1, primeiro parágrafo, alíneas a), b) e c), e segundo parágrafo, não é aplicável a atividades levadas a cabo por autoridades públicas no exercício dos seus poderes.
Artigo 49.o 4.
O interesse público referido no n.o 1, primeiro parágrafo, alínea d), é reconhecido pelo direito da União ou pelo direito do Estado-Membro a que o responsável pelo tratamento se encontre sujeito.
Artigo 49.o 5.
Na falta de uma decisão de adequação, o direito da União ou de um Estado-Membro podem, por razões importantes de interesse público, estabelecer expressamente limites à transferência de categorias específicas de dados para países terceiros ou organizações internacionais. Os Estados-Membros notificam a Comissão dessas disposições.
Artigo 49.o 6.
O responsável pelo tratamento ou o subcontratante documenta a avaliação, bem como as garantias adequadas referidas no n.o 1, segundo parágrafo, do presente artigo, nos registos a que se refere o artigo 30.o.

1.1 Referências

1.2 Requisitos identificados

1.3 Normas relacionadas

2. Requisitos identificados

Requisitos

3. Normas relacionadas

Normas
SCF Ad-Hoc Transfers

Description

Mechanisms exist to secure ad-hoc exchanges of large digital files with internal or external parties.

Possible Solutions & Considerations

Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2

∙ Data classification program
∙ Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC)
∙ Content / DNS filtering

Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4

∙ Data classification program
∙ Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC)
∙ Content / DNS filtering

Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6

∙ Data classification program
∙ Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC)
∙ Content / DNS filtering

Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8

∙ Data classification program
∙ Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC)
∙ Content / DNS filtering∙ Data governance program

Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9

∙ Data classification program
∙ Secure Baseline Configurations (SBC)
∙ Content / DNS filtering∙ Data governance program

SCR-CMM

Level 0 Not Performed

Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.

Level 1 Performed Informally

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) domain capabilities are ad hoc and inconsistent. Capability criteria associated with this control may include:
▪ Policies, standards & procedures associated with DCH domain capabilities provide limited coverage due to the depth and breadth of the existing documentation.
▪ Data management-related activities are decentralized (e.g., a localized/regionalized function) and uses non-standardized methods to implement secure, resilient and compliant practices.
▪ Restrictions for ad-hoc data transfers are primarily administrative in nature (e.g., policies & standards).

Level 2 Planned Tracked

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with DCH domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with DCH domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with DCH domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Data classification and handling-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines).
▪ Data classification and handling management may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel.
▪ A formalized data classification scheme exists to identify categories of data, based on protection requirements from applicable laws, regulations and/or contractual obligations.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to document where sensitive/regulated data is stored, transmitted and/or processed.

Level 3 Well Defined

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with DCH domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with DCH domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ A Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain DCH domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data classification and handling operations (e.g., GRC platform).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with DCH domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to secure ad-hoc exchanges of large digital files with internal or external parties.

Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.

Level 5 Continuously Improving

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Based on predictive analysis, process improvements are implemented according to “continuous improvement” practices that affect process changes.
▪ Stakeholders make time-sensitive decisions to support operational efficiency, which may include automated remediation actions via Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
SCF External Transfer of Sensitive / Regulated Data

Description

Mechanisms exist to restrict and govern the transfer of sensitive and/or regulated data:
(1) Cross-border; and/or
(2) Interorganizational.

Possible Solutions & Considerations

Micro-Small Business (<10 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 1-2

∙ Model contracts
∙ Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)

Small Business (10-49 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 3-4

∙ Model contracts
∙ Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)

Medium Business (50-249 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 5-6

∙ Model contracts
∙ Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)

Large Business (250-999 staff) / BLS Firm Size Classes 7-8

∙ Model contracts
∙ Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)

Enterprise (> 1,000 staff) / BLS Firm Size Class 9

∙ Model contracts
∙ Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)

SCR-CMM

Level 0 Not Performed

Practices are non-existent, based on the inability to demonstrate an implemented and operational capability. A reasonable person would conclude the control is not being performed.

Level 1 Performed Informally

SCR-CMM Level 1 criteria definitions are not available for this control:
▪ A reasonable person would conclude this control requires a structured process.
▪ At this level of maturity, the "ad hoc" nature of performing a capability informally would indicate the intent of the control is not met due to a lack of consistency and formality.

Level 2 Planned Tracked

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities are requirements-driven, but are not standardized across the entity (e.g., local/regional level consistency). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with DCH domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with DCH domain capabilities are documented and maintained by process owners.
▪ IT and/or cybersecurity personnel work with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with DCH domain capabilities to address applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD).
▪ Data classification and handling-related controls are primarily administrative and preventative in nature (e.g., policies, standards and procedures & guidelines).
▪ Data classification and handling management may be a defined function (e.g., team or department) or assigned as an additional duty to existing IT and/or cybersecurity personnel.
▪ A formalized data classification scheme exists to identify categories of data, based on protection requirements from applicable laws, regulations and/or contractual obligations.

Level 3 Well Defined

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities are standardized across the entity for applicability to People, Processes, Technologies, Data and/or Facilities (PPTDF) to ensure consistency for Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD). Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Policies and standards associated with DCH domain capabilities are formally documented and centrally-managed by the entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function.
▪ Standardized Operating Procedures (SOP) associated with DCH domain capabilities are well-documented and kept current by process owners.
▪ A Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, is appropriately staffed and supported to implement and maintain DCH domain capabilities.
▪ Technology is leveraged to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of data classification and handling operations (e.g., GRC platform).
▪ The entity's Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC) team, or similar function, works with business stakeholders and process owners to appropriately scope and reasonably implement cybersecurity and data protection controls associated with DCH domain capabilities to address Minimum Compliance Requirements (MCR) (e.g., applicable statutory, regulatory and/or contractual requirements) and Discretionary Security Requirements (DSR) (e.g., entity-required controls).
▪ An implemented and operational capability exists to restrict and govern the transfer of sensitive and/or regulated data to third-countries or international organizations.

Level 4 Quantitatively Controlled

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
▪ Metrics reporting includes quantitative analysis of Key Risk Indicators (KRIs).
▪ Scope of metrics, KPIs and KRIs covers organization-wide cybersecurity and data protection controls, including functions performed by third-parties.
▪ Organizational leadership maintains a formal process to objectively review and respond to metrics, KPIs and KRIs (e.g., monthly or quarterly review).
▪ Based on metrics analysis, process improvement recommendations are submitted for review and are handled in accordance with change control processes.
▪ Business and technical stakeholders are involved in reviewing and approving proposed changes to evolve capabilities.

Level 5 Continuously Improving

Data Classification & Handling (DCH) capabilities, in addition to being standardized across the entity and centrally managed to ensure consistency across Technology Assets, Applications, Services and/or Data (TAASD), efforts are metrics driven to provide sufficient insight for decision makers to predict optimal performance, ensure continued operations and/or identify areas for improvement. Capability criteria associated with this control reasonably expect the following criteria to exist:
▪ Applicable SCR-CMM Level 3 (Well Defined) capabilities are implemented and operational.
▪ Based on predictive analysis, process improvements are implemented according to “continuous improvement” practices that affect process changes.
▪ Stakeholders make time-sensitive decisions to support operational efficiency, which may include automated remediation actions via Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) technologies.