+ICT Risk management framework

ICT Risk management framework

A sound, comprehensive and well-documented ICT risk management framework is in place. Which as goal to address all ICT risks properly and ensure a high level of digital resilience. The reponsibility for risk management is properly assigned to a control function. 

The ICT risk management framework shall be documented and reviewed at least annually, or periodically for microenterprises, with immediate reviews triggered by major ICT-related incidents or supervisory feedback. Continuous improvement will be ensured by incorporating lessons learned from implementation, monitoring, and audits. The report of the review will be prepared according to the requirements as stated in chapter 5 (Article 27) of the RTS RM and will be made available for submission to the competent authority upon request. 

Assess new standards and relevant technology developments in the field of information security, cybersecurity and resilience on a continuous basis and make proposals on how they can strengthen the information security and cybersecurity control measures of the institution.

1. Ülevaade

1.1 Viited

1.2 Tuvastatud nõuded

1.3 Seotud regulatsioonid

2. Tuvastatud nõuded

Nõuded

3. Seotud regulatsioonid

Regulatsioonid
EULAW Article 6 1

1.   Financial entities shall have a sound, comprehensive and well-documented ICT risk management framework as part of their overall risk management system, which enables them to address ICT risk quickly, efficiently and comprehensively and to ensure a high level of digital operational resilience.
EULAW Article 6 2

2.   The ICT risk management framework shall include at least strategies, policies, procedures, ICT protocols and tools that are necessary to duly and adequately protect all information assets and ICT assets, including computer software, hardware, servers, as well as to protect all relevant physical components and infrastructures, such as premises, data centres and sensitive designated areas, to ensure that all information assets and ICT assets are adequately protected from risks including damage and unauthorised access or usage.
EULAW Article 6 3

3.   In accordance with their ICT risk management framework, financial entities shall minimise the impact of ICT risk by deploying appropriate strategies, policies, procedures, ICT protocols and tools. They shall provide complete and updated information on ICT risk and on their ICT risk management framework to the competent authorities upon their request.
EULAW Article 6 4

4.   Financial entities, other than microenterprises, shall assign the responsibility for managing and overseeing ICT risk to a control function and ensure an appropriate level of independence of such control function in order to avoid conflicts of interest. Financial entities shall ensure appropriate segregation and independence of ICT risk management functions, control functions, and internal audit functions, according to the three lines of defence model, or an internal risk management and control model.
EULAW Article 6 5

5.   The ICT risk management framework shall be documented and reviewed at least once a year, or periodically in the case of microenterprises, as well as upon the occurrence of major ICT-related incidents, and following supervisory instructions or conclusions derived from relevant digital operational resilience testing or audit processes. It shall be continuously improved on the basis of lessons derived from implementation and monitoring. A report on the review of the ICT risk management framework shall be submitted to the competent authority upon its request.
EULAW Article 6 7

7.   Based on the conclusions from the internal audit review, financial entities shall establish a formal follow-up process, including rules for the timely verification and remediation of critical ICT audit findings.
EULAW Article 6 9

9.   Financial entities may, in the context of the digital operational resilience strategy referred to in paragraph 8, define a holistic ICT multi-vendor strategy, at group or entity level, showing key dependencies on ICT third-party service providers and explaining the rationale behind the procurement mix of ICT third-party service providers.
EULAW Article 6 10

10.   Financial entities may, in accordance with Union and national sectoral law, outsource the tasks of verifying compliance with ICT risk management requirements to intra-group or external undertakings. In case of such outsourcing, the financial entity remains fully responsible for the verification of compliance with the ICT risk management requirements.
EULAW Article 8 1

1.   As part of the ICT risk management framework referred to in Article 6(1), financial entities shall identify, classify and adequately document all ICT supported business functions, roles and responsibilities, the information assets and ICT assets supporting those functions, and their roles and dependencies in relation to ICT risk. Financial entities shall review as needed, and at least yearly, the adequacy of this classification and of any relevant documentation.
EULAW Article 9 1

1.   For the purposes of adequately protecting ICT systems and with a view to organising response measures, financial entities shall continuously monitor and control the security and functioning of ICT systems and tools and shall minimise the impact of ICT risk on ICT systems through the deployment of appropriate ICT security tools, policies and procedures.
EULAW Article 9 4

4.   As part of the ICT risk management framework referred to in Article 6(1), financial entities shall:

(a)

develop and document an information security policy defining rules to protect the availability, authenticity, integrity and confidentiality of data, information assets and ICT assets, including those of their customers, where applicable;

(b)

following a risk-based approach, establish a sound network and infrastructure management structure using appropriate techniques, methods and protocols that may include implementing automated mechanisms to isolate affected information assets in the event of cyber-attacks;

(c)

implement policies that limit the physical or logical access to information assets and ICT assets to what is required for legitimate and approved functions and activities only, and establish to that end a set of policies, procedures and controls that address access rights and ensure a sound administration thereof;

(d)

implement policies and protocols for strong authentication mechanisms, based on relevant standards and dedicated control systems, and protection measures of cryptographic keys whereby data is encrypted based on results of approved data classification and ICT risk assessment processes;

(e)

implement documented policies, procedures and controls for ICT change management, including changes to software, hardware, firmware components, systems or security parameters, that are based on a risk assessment approach and are an integral part of the financial entity’s overall change management process, in order to ensure that all changes to ICT systems are recorded, tested, assessed, approved, implemented and verified in a controlled manner;

(f)

have appropriate and comprehensive documented policies for patches and updates.

For the purposes of the first subparagraph, point (b), financial entities shall design the network connection infrastructure in a way that allows it to be instantaneously severed or segmented in order to minimise and prevent contagion, especially for interconnected financial processes.

For the purposes of the first subparagraph, point (e), the ICT change management process shall be approved by appropriate lines of management and shall have specific protocols in place.
EULAW Article 11 1

1.   As part of the ICT risk management framework referred to in Article 6(1) and based on the identification requirements set out in Article 8, financial entities shall put in place a comprehensive ICT business continuity policy, which may be adopted as a dedicated specific policy, forming an integral part of the overall business continuity policy of the financial entity.
EULAW Article 11 3

3.   As part of the ICT risk management framework referred to in Article 6(1), financial entities shall implement associated ICT response and recovery plans which, in the case of financial entities other than microenterprises, shall be subject to independent internal audit reviews.
EULAW Article 11 6

6.   As part of their comprehensive ICT risk management, financial entities shall:

(a)

test the ICT business continuity plans and the ICT response and recovery plans in relation to ICT systems supporting all functions at least yearly, as well as in the event of any substantive changes to ICT systems supporting critical or important functions;

(b)

test the crisis communication plans established in accordance with Article 14.

For the purposes of the first subparagraph, point (a), financial entities, other than microenterprises, shall include in the testing plans scenarios of cyber-attacks and switchovers between the primary ICT infrastructure and the redundant capacity, backups and redundant facilities necessary to meet the obligations set out in Article 12.

Financial entities shall regularly review their ICT business continuity policy and ICT response and recovery plans, taking into account the results of tests carried out in accordance with the first subparagraph and recommendations stemming from audit checks or supervisory reviews.
EULAW Article 12 1

1.   For the purpose of ensuring the restoration of ICT systems and data with minimum downtime, limited disruption and loss, as part of their ICT risk management framework, financial entities shall develop and document:

(a)

backup policies and procedures specifying the scope of the data that is subject to the backup and the minimum frequency of the backup, based on the criticality of information or the confidentiality level of the data;

(b)

restoration and recovery procedures and methods.
EULAW Article 12 2

2.   Financial entities shall set up backup systems that can be activated in accordance with the backup policies and procedures, as well as restoration and recovery procedures and methods. The activation of backup systems shall not jeopardise the security of the network and information systems or the availability, authenticity, integrity or confidentiality of data. Testing of the backup procedures and restoration and recovery procedures and methods shall be undertaken periodically.
EULAW Article 12 3

3.   When restoring backup data using own systems, financial entities shall use ICT systems that are physically and logically segregated from the source ICT system. The ICT systems shall be securely protected from any unauthorised access or ICT corruption and allow for the timely restoration of services making use of data and system backups as necessary.

For central counterparties, the recovery plans shall enable the recovery of all transactions at the time of disruption to allow the central counterparty to continue to operate with certainty and to complete settlement on the scheduled date.

Data reporting service providers shall additionally maintain adequate resources and have back-up and restoration facilities in place in order to offer and maintain their services at all times.
EULAW Article 13 3

3.   Lessons derived from the digital operational resilience testing carried out in accordance with Articles 26 and 27 and from real life ICT-related incidents, in particular cyber-attacks, along with challenges faced upon the activation of ICT business continuity plans and ICT response and recovery plans, together with relevant information exchanged with counterparts and assessed during supervisory reviews, shall be duly incorporated on a continuous basis into the ICT risk assessment process. Those findings shall form the basis for appropriate reviews of relevant components of the ICT risk management framework referred to in Article 6(1).
EULAW Article 13 5

5.   Senior ICT staff shall report at least yearly to the management body on the findings referred to in paragraph 3 and put forward recommendations.
EULAW Article 13 7

7.   Financial entities, other than microenterprises, shall monitor relevant technological developments on a continuous basis, also with a view to understanding the possible impact of the deployment of such new technologies on ICT security requirements and digital operational resilience. They shall keep up-to-date with the latest ICT risk management processes, in order to effectively combat current or new forms of cyber-attacks.
EULAW Article 14 2

2.   As part of the ICT risk management framework, financial entities shall implement communication policies for internal staff and for external stakeholders. Communication policies for staff shall take into account the need to differentiate between staff involved in ICT risk management, in particular the staff responsible for response and recovery, and staff that needs to be informed.
EULAW Article 24 1

1.   For the purpose of assessing preparedness for handling ICT-related incidents, of identifying weaknesses, deficiencies and gaps in digital operational resilience, and of promptly implementing corrective measures, financial entities, other than microenterprises, shall, taking into account the criteria set out in Article 4(2), establish, maintain and review a sound and comprehensive digital operational resilience testing programme as an integral part of the ICT risk-management framework referred to in Article 6.
EULAW Article 28 2

2.   As part of their ICT risk management framework, financial entities, other than entities referred to in Article 16(1), first subparagraph, and other than microenterprises, shall adopt, and regularly review, a strategy on ICT third-party risk, taking into account the multi-vendor strategy referred to in Article 6(9), where applicable. The strategy on ICT third-party risk shall include a policy on the use of ICT services supporting critical or important functions provided by ICT third-party service providers and shall apply on an individual basis and, where relevant, on a sub-consolidated and consolidated basis. The management body shall, on the basis of an assessment of the overall risk profile of the financial entity and the scale and complexity of the business services, regularly review the risks identified in respect to contractual arrangements on the use of ICT services supporting critical or important functions.
EULAW Article 28 3

3.   As part of their ICT risk management framework, financial entities shall maintain and update at entity level, and at sub-consolidated and consolidated levels, a register of information in relation to all contractual arrangements on the use of ICT services provided by ICT third-party service providers.

The contractual arrangements referred to in the first subparagraph shall be appropriately documented, distinguishing between those that cover ICT services supporting critical or important functions and those that do not.

Financial entities shall report at least yearly to the competent authorities on the number of new arrangements on the use of ICT services, the categories of ICT third-party service providers, the type of contractual arrangements and the ICT services and functions which are being provided.

Financial entities shall make available to the competent authority, upon its request, the full register of information or, as requested, specified sections thereof, along with any information deemed necessary to enable the effective supervision of the financial entity.

Financial entities shall inform the competent authority in a timely manner about any planned contractual arrangement on the use of ICT services supporting critical or important functions as well as when a function has become critical or important.
EULAW Artikkel 1 Üldine riskiprofiil ja keerukus

Artikkel 1

Üldine riskiprofiil ja keerukus

II jaotises osutatud IKT turvalisuse põhimõtete, menetluste, protokollide ja vahendite ning III jaotises osutatud lihtsustatud IKT-riski juhtimise raamistiku väljatöötamisel ja rakendamisel võetakse arvesse finantssektori ettevõtja suurust ja üldist riskiprofiili ning tema teenuste, tegevuse ja toimingute laadi ja ulatust ning nende keerukust suurendavaid või vähendavaid aspekte, sealhulgas aspekte, mis on seotud järgmisega:

a) 

krüptimine ja krüptograafia;

b) 

IKT-toimingute turvalisus;

c) 

võrgu turvalisus;

d) 

IKT-projektide ja -muudatuste juhtimine;

e) 

IKT-riski võimalik mõju andmete konfidentsiaalsusele, terviklusele ja kättesaadavusele ning häirete võimalik mõju finantssektori ettevõtja tegevuse järjekestvusele ja teenuste kättesaadavusele.
EULAW Artikkel 2 1.

Finantssektori ettevõtjad tagavad, et nende IKT-riski juhtimise raamistik hõlmab IKT turvalisuse põhimõtteid, infoturvet ning seonduvaid menetlusi, protokolle ja vahendeid, millele on osutatud määruse (EL) 2022/2554 artikli 9 lõikes 2. Finantssektori ettevõtjad kehtestavad käesolevas peatükis sätestatud IKT turvalisuse põhimõtted, menetlused, protokollid ja vahendid, mis

a) 

tagavad võrkude turvalisuse;

b) 

sisaldavad kaitsemeetmeid sissetungi ja andmete väärkasutamise vastu;

c) 

aitavad muu hulgas krüptimismeetodeid kasutades säilitada andmete kättesaadavuse, autentsuse, tervikluse ja konfidentsiaalsuse;

d) 

tagavad andmete täpse ja kiire ning ilma suuremate häirete ja põhjendamatute viivitusteta ülekandmise.
EULAW Artikkel 2 2.

Finantssektori ettevõtjad tagavad lõikes 1 osutatud IKT turvalisuse põhimõtete puhul, et

a) 

need on kooskõlas finantssektori ettevõtja infoturbe-eesmärkidega, mis on kindlaks määratud määruse (EL) 2022/2554 artikli 6 lõikes 8 osutatud digitaalse tegevuskerksuse strateegias;

b) 

neisse märgitakse kuupäev, mil juhtorgan on põhimõtted ametlikult heaks kiitnud;

c) 

need sisaldavad näitajaid ja meetmeid, millega

i) 

seirata IKT turvalisuse põhimõtete, menetluste, protokollide ja vahendite rakendamist,

ii) 

registreerida erandid sellest rakendamisest,

iii) 

tagada punktis ii osutatud erandite korral oma digitaalne tegevuskerksus;

d) 

neis määratakse kindlaks kõigi tasandite töötajate vastutusvaldkonnad IKT turvalisuse tagamisel;

e) 

neis määratakse kindlaks tagajärjed finantssektori ettevõtja töötajale, kes ei järgi IKT turvalisuse põhimõtteid, kui sellekohaseid sätteid ei ole ette nähtud mõnes muus finantssektori ettevõtja kehtestatud korras;

f) 

neis loetletakse dokumendid, mis tuleb säilitada;

g) 

nendega nähakse ette ülesannete lahusus kas kolme kaitseliiniga mudeli või mõne muu sisemise riskijuhtimis- ja kontrollimudeli raames, et ära hoida huvide konfliktid;

h) 

neis võetakse arvesse juhtivaid tavasid ja vajaduse korral määruse (EL) nr 1025/2012 artikli 2 punktis 1 määratletud standardeid;

i) 

neis määratakse kindlaks rollid ja vastutusvaldkonnad, mida tuleb rakendada nende põhimõtete, sealhulgas seotud menetluste, protokollide ja vahendite väljatöötamisel, rakendamisel ja haldamisel;

j) 

need vaadatakse läbi kooskõlas määruse (EL) 2022/2554 artikli 6 lõikega 5;

k) 

neis võetakse arvesse finantssektori ettevõtjat puudutavaid olulisi muudatusi, sealhulgas neid, mis on seotud tema tegevuse või protsessidega, küberohtude maastikuga või kohaldatavate õiguslike kohustustega.
EULAW Artikkel 3 IKT-riski juhtimine

Artikkel 3

IKT-riski juhtimine

Finantssektori ettevõtjad töötavad välja ja dokumenteerivad IKT-riski juhtimise põhimõtted ja menetlused ning rakendavad neid ning need põhimõtted ja menetlused peavad sisaldama kõike järgmist:

a) 

märge määruse (EL) 2022/2554 artikli 6 lõike 8 punkti b kohaselt kindlaks määratud IKT-riski taluvuse taseme heakskiitmise kohta;

b) 

IKT-riski hindamise menetlus ja metoodika, mis hõlmavad

i) 

selliste nõrkuste ja ohtude kindlaksmääramist, mis mõjutavad või võivad mõjutada toetatavaid ärifunktsioone, IKT-süsteeme ja neid funktsioone toetavaid IKT-varasid;

ii) 

selliste kvantitatiivsete või kvalitatiivsete näitajate kindlaksmääramist, mille abil mõõta punktis i osutatud nõrkuste ja ohtude mõju ning tõenäosust;

c) 

IKT-riski käsitlemise meetmete kindlaksmääramise, rakendamise ja dokumenteerimise kord tuvastatud ja hinnatud IKT-riskide jaoks, sealhulgas selliste IKT-riski käsitlemise meetmete kindlaksmääramine, mis on vajalikud selleks, et viia IKT-risk allapoole punktis a osutatud riskitaluvustaset;

d) 

pärast punktis c osutatud IKT-riski käsitlemise meetmete rakendamist alles jäänud IKT-jääkriskide jaoks

i) 

sätted IKT-jääkriskide kindlakstegemise kohta;

ii) 

rollide ja vastutusvaldkondade määramine seoses järgmisega:

(1) 

finantssektori ettevõtja punktis a osutatud riskitaluvustaset ületavate IKT-jääkriskide aktsepteerimine,

(2) 

käesoleva punkti d alapunktis iv osutatud läbivaatamisprotsess;

iii) 

aktsepteeritud IKT-jääkriskide loetelu koostamine, sealhulgas nende aktsepteerimise põhjendamine;

iv) 

sätted, mis käsitlevad aktsepteeritud IKT-jääkriskide läbivaatamist vähemalt kord aastas, sealhulgas

1) 

IKT-jääkriskide muutuste kindlakstegemist,

2) 

olemasolevate riskimaandamismeetmete hindamist,

3) 

selle hindamist, kas põhjused, mis õigustasid IKT-jääkriskide aktsepteerimist, on läbivaatamise kuupäeval endiselt kehtivad ja kohaldatavad;

e) 

sätted, mille kohaselt seirata

i) 

muutusi IKT-riskide ja küberohtude maastikul;

ii) 

sisemisi ja väliseid nõrkusi ning ohte;

iii) 

finantssektori ettevõtja IKT-riski, et kiiresti avastada muutused, mis võivad mõjutada tema IKT-riski profiili;

f) 

sätted protsessi kohta, millega tagatakse finantssektori ettevõtja äristrateegiasse ja digitaalse tegevuskerksuse strateegiasse tehtud muudatuste arvesse võtmine.

Esimese lõigu punkti c kohaldamisel peab nimetatud punktis osutatud menetlus tagama, et

a) 

seiratakse rakendatavate IKT-riski käsitlemise meetmete tõhusust;

b) 

hinnatakse, kas finantssektori ettevõtjale kindlaks määratud riskitaluvustase on saavutatud;

c) 

hinnatakse, kas finantssektori ettevõtja on vajaduse korral astunud samme nende meetmete parandamiseks või täiustamiseks.
EULAW Artikkel 8 1.
Finantssektori ettevõtjad töötavad määruse (EL) 2022/2554 artikli 9 lõikes 2 osutatud IKT turvalisuse põhimõtete, menetluste, protokollide ja vahendite osana välja ja dokumenteerivad IKT-toimingute haldamise põhimõtted ja menetlused ning rakendavad neid. Neis põhimõtetes ja menetlustes määratakse kindlaks, kuidas finantssektori ettevõtjad käitavad, seiravad, kontrollivad ja taastavad oma IKT-varasid, sealhulgas IKT-toimingute dokumenteerimine.
EULAW Artikkel 8 2.

IKT-toimingute põhimõtted ja menetlused, millele on osutatud lõikes 1, peavad hõlmama kõike järgmist:

a) 

IKT-varade kirjeldus, sealhulgas kõik järgmine:

i) 

IKT-süsteemide turvalise paigaldamise, hooldamise, konfigureerimise ja eemaldamise nõuded,

ii) 

IKT-varade kasutatavate teabevarade haldamise, sealhulgas nende automatiseeritud ja käsitsi töötlemise ja käsitsemise nõuded,

iii) 

IKT pärandsüsteemide kindlakstegemise ja kontrollimise nõuded;

b) 

IKT-süsteemide kontroll ja seire, sealhulgas kõik järgmine:

i) 

IKT-süsteemide varundamise ja taastamise nõuded,

ii) 

ajakava koostamise nõuded, kus on arvesse võetud IKT-süsteemide vastastikust sõltuvust,

iii) 

kontrolljälje ja süsteemi logiteabe protokollid,

iv) 

nõuded, millega tagatakse, et siseauditite ja muu testimise puhul minimeeritakse häired äritegevuses,

v) 

nõuded, mis käsitlevad IKT tootmise keskkondade lahus hoidmist arendamis-, testimis- ja muudest tootmisega mitteseotud keskkondadest,

vi) 

nõuded arendustegevuseks ja testimiseks tootmiskeskkonnast eraldatud keskkonnas,

vii) 

nõuded arendustegevuseks ja testimiseks tootmiskeskkonnas;

c) 

IKT-süsteemide vigade käsitlemine, sealhulgas kõik järgmine:

i) 

vigade käsitlemise menetlused ja protokollid,

ii) 

tugi- ja eskalatsioonikontaktid, sealhulgas välised tugikontaktid ootamatute tegevus- või tehniliste probleemide puhuks,

iii) 

IKT-süsteemide taaskäivitamise, tagasikerimise ja taastamise menetlused IKT-süsteemide häirete puhuks.

Punkti b alapunkti v kohaldamisel peab lahus hoidmise nõue kehtima kõikide asjaomaste keskkondade komponentide, sealhulgas arvepidamise, andmete ja ühenduste suhtes, nagu on ette nähtud artikli 13 lõike 1 punktiga a.

Punkti b alapunkti vii kohaldamisel nähakse lõikes 1 osutatud põhimõtetes ja menetlustes ette, et juhud, mil testimine toimub tootmiskeskkonnas, peavad olema selgelt määratletud, põhjendatud ja ajaliselt piiratud ning asjaomase funktsiooni täitja peab olema need vastavalt artikli 16 lõikele 6 heaks kiitnud. Finantssektori ettevõtjad tagavad tootmiskeskkonnas toimuva arendustegevuse ja testimise ajal IKT-süsteemide ja tootmisandmete kättesaadavuse, konfidentsiaalsuse, tervikluse ja autentsuse.